蛋白质翻译后修饰（PTM）是蛋白质翻译过程中或翻译后通过添加或去除一个或多个官能团而发生的共价过程，对蛋白质功能具有深远的影响。糖基化是最常见的 PTM 之一，其中多糖通过糖基转移酶转移到蛋白质中的特定氨基酸残基。越来越多的证据表明，糖基化对于生物体各种功能活动的展开至关重要，例如在蛋白质功能的调节、细胞粘附和免疫逃逸中发挥关键作用。异常的糖基化也与多种疾病的发生密切相关。异常的糖基化模式与各种健康状况的出现密切相关，包括癌症、炎症、自身免疫性疾病和其他几种疾病。然而，糖基化残基的基本组成和结构尚未确定。必须充分了解糖基化的内部结构和差异表达，并结合先进的检测技术来保持知识的进步。糖基化的临床应用研究集中在敏感和有前途的生物标志物、更有效的小分子靶向药物的开发和新兴疫苗上。这些研究为基于糖基化的新型治疗策略提供了一个新领域。© 2024。作者。

Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is a covalent process that occurs in proteins during or after translation through the addition or removal of one or more functional groups, and has a profound effect on protein function. Glycosylation is one of the most common PTMs, in which polysaccharides are transferred to specific amino acid residues in proteins by glycosyltransferases. A growing body of evidence suggests that glycosylation is essential for the unfolding of various functional activities in organisms, such as playing a key role in the regulation of protein function, cell adhesion and immune escape. Aberrant glycosylation is also closely associated with the development of various diseases. Abnormal glycosylation patterns are closely linked to the emergence of various health conditions, including cancer, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and several other diseases. However, the underlying composition and structure of the glycosylated residues have not been determined. It is imperative to fully understand the internal structure and differential expression of glycosylation, and to incorporate advanced detection technologies to keep the knowledge advancing. Investigations on the clinical applications of glycosylation focused on sensitive and promising biomarkers, development of more effective small molecule targeted drugs and emerging vaccines. These studies provide a new area for novel therapeutic strategies based on glycosylation.© 2024. The Author(s).