侵袭性真菌感染 (IFI) 在重症 ICU 患者中普遍存在，由于 COVID-19 后流行病学的变化而受到关注。值得注意的是，与 COVID-19 相关的曲霉菌病和念珠菌病构成重大风险。世卫组织认识到关键的真菌病原体，强调需要加强研究和干预措施。CHARTER-IFI 研究利用覆盖约 1000 万居民的管理数据库，回顾性检查了 2012 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 9 月 1 日入住意大利 ICU 的 186,310 名患者。成年患者在首次 IFI 相关住院时至少有一次 ICU 出院诊断为 IFI，并且在此次住院之前至少有 12 个月的可用数据。 共有 746 名 IFI 患者从 ICU 出院（每 1000 个 ICU 的发病率为 4.0 例） -住院患者），也包括在内。中位年龄为 68 岁，63% 为男性，总体查尔森合并症指数为 2.2。前三位诊断为念珠菌病（N = 501，2.7/1000 ICU住院患者）、曲霉菌病（N = 71，0.4/1000）和肺囊虫病（N = 55，0.3/1000）。对 IFI 患者合并症的评估显示，存在高血压（60.5%）、全身性 GC/抗菌药物的使用（入院前 12 个月内为 45.3%，入院前 3 个月内为 18.6%）、癌症（23.1%）、糖尿病（24.3%）和心血管疾病（23.9%）。 ICU 住院时间的平均 (±SD) 为 19.9±24.1 天（中位 11 天），36.1% 的 IFI 患者死亡（出院后 30 天内）。 这项对 ICU 住院患者的回顾性分析描述了死亡负担ICU 中的 IFI，其理解对于按照 WHO 的要求加强监测、研究投资和公共卫生干预措施至关重要。© 2024 作者。真菌病由 Wiley‐VCH GmbH 出版。

Invasive fungal infections (IFI), prevalent in critically ill ICU patients, have gained attention due to post-COVID-19 epidemiological shifts. Notably, COVID-19-associated aspergillosis and candidiasis pose significant risks. WHO recognises key fungal pathogens, emphasising the need for enhanced research and interventions.The CHARTER-IFI study retrospectively examines 186,310 individuals admitted to ICUs in Italy from 01/01/2012-01/09/2023, utilising administrative databases covering around 10 million inhabitants. Adult patients were included having at least one ICU discharge diagnosis of IFI at their first IFI-related hospitalisation and having at least 12 months of available data prior to this hospitalisation.A total of 746 IFI patients discharged from ICU (incidence of 4.0 per 1000 ICU-hospitalised patients), were included. Median age was 68 years, 63% were males, and the overall Charlson Comorbidity Index was 2.2. The top three diagnoses were candidiasis (N = 501, 2.7/1000 ICU-hospitalised patients), aspergillosis (N = 71, 0.4/1000), and pneumocystosis (N = 55, 0.3/1000). The evaluation of the comorbidity profile in IFI patients revealed the presence of hypertension (60.5%), use of systemic GC/antibacterials (45.3% during 12 months before and 18.6% during 3 months before hospital admission), cancer (23.1%), diabetes (24.3%) and cardiovascular diseases (23.9%). The mean (±SD) length of hospitalisation in ICU was 19.9 ± 24.1 days (median 11 days), and deaths occurred in 36.1% of IFI patients (within 30 days from discharge).This retrospective analysis among ICU-hospitalised patients described the burden of IFI in ICU, and its understanding could be crucial to strengthen surveillance, investments in research, and public health interventions as required by WHO.© 2024 The Author(s). Mycoses published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.