近年来，我国结直肠癌（CRC）的发病率和死亡率呈上升趋势。结直肠癌发病机制的明确和可检测的癌前病变使得结直肠癌的早期预防、筛查和诊断成为可能。随着内镜和手术技术的发展，早期CRC的治疗选择也值得进一步讨论，相应地，需要建立标准的治疗后随访方案。本临床实践指南（CPG）是根据推荐的遵循世界卫生组织的流程，采用建议评估、制定和评估分级（GRADE）来评估证据质量，并使用证据到决策框架来制定临床建议，从而最大限度地减少偏见并提高CPG制定过程的透明度。我们使用医疗保健实践指南报告项目 (RIGHT) 声明和研究与评估指南评估 II (AGREE II) 作为报告和行为指南，以确保指南的完整性和透明度。该 CPG 包括 46 条建议，涉及预防、筛查、 CRC 的诊断、治疗和监测。在这些建议中，我们指出了 CRC 的保护因素和危险因素，并提出了化学预防建议。我们根据中国国情提出了适合CRC的筛查方案。我们还根据现有的临床证据和指南，为 CRC 的诊断、治疗和监测提供了规范性声明。本 CPG 中的 46 条建议是在考虑了利益相关者的价值观和偏好、可行性和可接受性的情况下形成的。建议可推广到与中国具有类似 CRC 流行病学模式的资源有限环境。版权所有 © 2024 中华医学会，由 Wolters Kluwer, Inc. 根据 CC-BY-NC-ND 许可制作。

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China are increasing in recent years. The clarified pathogenesis and detectable precancerous lesions of CRC make it possible to prevent, screen, and diagnose CRC at an early stage. With the development of endoscopic and surgical techniques, the choice of treatment for early CRC is also worth further discussion, and accordingly, a standard follow-up program after treatment needs to be established.This clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed following the recommended process of the World Health Organization, adopting Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) in assessing evidence quality, and using the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations, thereby minimizing bias and increasing transparency of the CPG development process. We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) statement and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) as reporting and conduct guides to ensure the guideline's completeness and transparency.This CPG comprises 46 recommendations concerning prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of CRC. In these recommendations, we have indicated protective and risk factors for CRC and made recommendations for chemoprevention. We proposed a suitable screening program for CRC based on the Chinese context. We also provided normative statements for the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of CRC based on existing clinical evidence and guidelines.The 46 recommendations in this CPG are formed with consideration for stakeholders' values and preferences, feasibility, and acceptability. Recommendations are generalizable to resource-limited settings with similar CRC epidemiology pattern as China.Copyright © 2024 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.