由直径 2.5 微米或更小的细颗粒 (PM2.5) 组成的颗粒物是空气污染的一个组成部分，与不良健康结果有关。本研究的目的是评估美国环境 PM2.5 暴露与癌症儿童生存之间的关系。2004 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间被诊断患有癌症的出生至 19 岁的个人，均选自国家癌症数据库。使用时变 Cox 比例风险模型（粗略模型并根据诊断年份和年龄进行调整）评估诊断时患者居住邮政编码处的年度 PM2.5 水平与总生存率之间的关联。为了解决空气污染暴露与健康的其他社会决定因素相关的担忧，作者测试了 PM2.5 水平与社会人口亚组生存率之间的关联。在纳入的 172,550 名患者中，27,456 名患者 (15.9%) 居住在每年 PM2.5 严重的地区.5 浓度高于美国环境保护署 (EPA) 年度 PM2.5 标准 12 μg/m3。居住在这些高污染地区与较差的总体生存率相关（调整后的风险比 [aHR]，1.06；95% 置信区间 [CI]，1.012-1.10）。同样，当 PM2.5 作为线性测量值进行评估时，PM2.5 暴露量每增加一个单位，生存率就会下降（aHR，1.011；CI，1.005-1.017）。暴露于高于 EPA 标准的 PM2.5 也与社会人口学亚组的总体生存率较差显着相关。暴露于 PM2.5 与癌症儿童的总体生存率较差显着相关，即使其水平低于 EPA 空气质量标准。这些结果强调了制定适当的空气质量标准以保护这一敏感人群健康的重要性。作者调查了生活在空气污染严重的地区（定义为由直径 2.5 微米或更小的细颗粒组成的颗粒物；PM2.5）的情况。 5) 影响美国癌症儿童的总体生存率。结果表明，生活在 PM2.5 水平较高地区的儿童，即使水平低于美国环境保护署之前和当前的标准，其生存率也低于生活在 PM2.5 水平较低地区的儿童。这一发现强调需要制定更严格的空气质量标准，以更好地保护儿童，特别是那些患有儿童癌症等严重健康问题的儿童。© 2024 美国癌症协会。

Particulate matter consisting of fine particles measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5), a component of air pollution, has been linked to adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and survival in children with cancer in the United States.Individuals aged birth to 19 years who were diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2019, were selected from the National Cancer Database. The association between the annual PM2.5 level at the patient's zip code of residence at the time of diagnosis and overall survival was evaluated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models (crude and adjusted for diagnosis year and age). To address concerns that exposure to air pollution is correlated with other social determinants of health, the authors tested the association between PM2.5 levels and survival among sociodemographic subgroups.Of the 172,550 patients included, 27,456 (15.9%) resided in areas with annual PM2.5 concentrations above the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annual PM2.5 standard of 12 μg/m3. Residing in these high-pollution areas was associated with worse overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012-1.10). Similarly, when PM2.5 was evaluated as a linear measure, each unit increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with worse survival (aHR, 1.011; CI, 1.005-1.017). Exposure to PM2.5 at levels above the EPA standards was also significantly associated with worse overall survival among sociodemographic subgroups.Exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with worse overall survival among children with cancer, even at levels below EPA air quality standards. These results underscore the importance of setting appropriate air quality standards to protect the health of this sensitive population.The authors investigated how living in areas with high air pollution (defined as particulate matter consisting of fine particles measuring 2.5 microns or less in diameter; PM2.5) affects the overall survival of children with cancer in the United States. The results indicated that children living in areas with higher PM2.5 levels, and even at levels below prior and current US Environmental Protection Agency standards, had lower survival rates than children living in areas with lower levels of PM2.5. This finding emphasizes the need for stricter air quality standards to better protect children, particularly those with serious health conditions like childhood cancer.© 2024 American Cancer Society.