根据 2021 年新的 WHO 分类，神经胶质瘤是一组异质性肿瘤，具有非常不同的组织学、分子遗传学和预后。除了最常见的胶质母细胞瘤外，还有许多不太常见的胶质瘤，其中一些预后非常良好。如果可以根据肿瘤的分子特征来靶向肿瘤，那么靶向放射性核素治疗是一种很有吸引力的治疗选择。当肿瘤无法完全切除或传统成像无法完全捕获肿瘤的范围时，它特别有用。许多针对神经胶质瘤的放射性核素治疗方法正处于早期开发阶段。临床上治疗神经胶质瘤患者的最先进方法采用 L 型氨基酸转运蛋白 1 作为放射性标记氨基酸的摄取机制或靶向生长抑素受体 2 或胃泌素释放肽受体。在这里，我们讨论了神经胶质瘤放射性核素治疗的各种靶结构，并展望了神经胶质瘤实体放射性核素治疗最有可能提供一种治疗替代方案。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表学会出版神经肿瘤学。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

According to the new WHO classification of 2021, gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with very different histology, molecular genetics and prognoses. In addition to glioblastomas, the most common gliomas, there are also numerous less common gliomas, some of which have a very favorable prognosis. Targeted radionuclide therapy is a therapeutic option that can be attractive if a tumor can be targeted based on its molecular characteristics. It is particularly useful when tumors cannot be completely resected or when conventional imaging does not fully capture the extent of the tumor. Numerous approaches to radionuclide therapy for gliomas are in early development. The most advanced approaches for patients with gliomas in the clinic employ L-type amino acid transporter 1 as an uptake mechanism for radiolabeled amino acids or target somatostatin receptor 2 or gastrin-releasing peptide receptor. Here, we discuss the various target structures of radionuclide therapy in gliomas and provide an outlook for which glioma entities radionuclide therapy could most likely provide a therapeutic alternative.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.