肺部疾病影响肺和呼吸功能，由细菌、病毒和真菌感染以及环境因素引起。不幸的是，各种肺部疾病之间的症状重叠常常妨碍明确的区分和不确定的诊断。因此，在疾病早期阶段识别炎症活动的特定标记物可能会揭示潜在病理学的内在分子机制。旨在了解遗传/环境对肺部疾病发生和进展的贡献的蛋白质组学研究代表了一种有前途的诊断和治疗方法。痰液的液相代表了丰富的蛋白质来源，在这些研究中经常使用。本章讨论肺部疾病的原因、痰液成分、收集和处理以及与干扰因素的存在相关的临床意义和挑战。还描述了蛋白质组学和质谱分析的基础知识，以及研究痰蛋白质组的分析方法。最后，我们探讨了痰蛋白组学在严重肺部疾病中的应用，包括 COVID-19 感染、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、囊性纤维化、肺癌和结核病。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Lung diseases affect pulmonary and respiratory function and are caused by bacterial viral and fungal infection as well as environmental factors. Unfortunately, symptom overlap between various pulmonary diseases often prevents clear differentiation and uncertain diagnosis. Accordingly, identification of specific markers of inflammatory activity in early disease stage could potential unveil the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of the underlying pathology. Proteomic studies aimed at understanding the genetic/environmental contributions to the development and progression of lung diseases represent a promising approach for diagnosis and treatment. The fluid phase of sputum represents a rich protein source and is frequently used in these studies. This chapter addresses causes of lung disorders, sputum composition, collection and processing as well as the clinical significance and challenges associated with the presence of interfering factors. Basics of proteomics and mass spectrometry are also described, together with the analytical approaches to investigate the sputum proteome. Finally, we explore the application of sputum proteomics in severe lung disorders including COVID-19 infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer and tuberculosis.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.