呼吸中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的检测已成为早期癌症筛查的潜在方法。尽管这种方法越来越受到科学界和医学界的关注，但它在临床环境中尚未得到明显的关注。有两个主要障碍。其中之一涉及特定生物标志物或其组合的鉴定，尤其是在早期癌症中。另一个是缺乏具有适当灵敏度和特异性的呼吸分析专用设备。本章利用代谢组学研究了涉及癌症患者呼吸中的气体生物标志物、癌细胞气体代谢物和合成生物标志物的研究策略。我们简要探讨了七种癌症的气体生物标志物，并介绍了检测原理和临床应用。大型分析仪器和小型传感器技术是重点。提出了 VOC 分析面临的挑战，包括临床使用、提取和检测、小型化工作以及代谢 VOC 途径的检查。最后，对癌症和呼出气检测技术中的 VOC 进行了总结并探讨了未来前景。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath has become a potential method for early cancer screening. Although this approach has attracted increasing attention from the both scientific and medical communities, it has not received appreciable traction in the clinical setting. There are two main obstacles. One involves the identification of specific biomarkers or combinations thereof especially in early cancer. The other is the lack the specialized equipment for breath analysis having the appropriate sensitivity and specificity. Using metabolomics, this chapter examines the research strategies involving gas biomarkers in cancer patient breath, cancer cell gas metabolites and synthetic biomarkers. We briefly explore gas biomarkers of seven cancers and introduce principles of detection and clinical application. Large analytical instruments and small sensor technology are highlighted. Challenges to VOC analysis are presented including clinical use, extraction and detection, miniaturization efforts and examination of metabolic VOC pathways. Finally, VOCs in cancer and in exhaled breath detection technology are summarized and future prospects explored.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.