胰腺癌是一种极具侵袭性和致命性的恶性肿瘤，治疗选择很少，预后较差。了解驱动其生长的分子途径对于制定有效的治疗策略至关重要。外泌体是多种细胞类型分泌的小细胞外囊泡，最近已成为重要的细胞间通讯介质，对肿瘤生长和转移具有影响。在本文中，我们回顾了有关外泌体及其在胰腺癌进展中的作用的最新知识，讨论了外泌体的生物发生和特征，以及它们在肿瘤生长、免疫逃避、血管生成、侵袭和转移中的作用和功能意义。我们进一步强调外泌体作为胰腺癌诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。最后，我们讨论了使用外泌体改善胰腺癌患者预后的挑战和未来前景。© 作者。

Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive and fatal malignancy with few therapeutic choices and a poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular pathways that drive its growth is critical for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by numerous cell types, have recently emerged as essential intercellular communication mediators, with implications for tumor growth and metastasis. In this article, we present a review of current knowledge about exosomes and their role in pancreatic cancer progression We discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of exosomes, as well as their cargo and functional significance in tumor growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. We further emphasize the potential of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in using exosomes to improve patient outcomes in pancreatic cancer.© The author(s).