幽门螺杆菌不仅被认为是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤和胃癌等一系列胃十二指肠疾病的病原体，而且也是多种胃外疾病的罪魁祸首。然而，幽门螺杆菌感染与胃外疾病的关联仍然难以捉摸，这促使人们重新评估幽门螺杆菌衍生的外膜囊泡（OMV）的作用。与其他革兰氏阴性细菌一样，幽门螺杆菌持续释放具有生物活性的 OMV，以浓缩和受保护的形式远距离递送细菌毒力因子，从而避免细菌与远处宿主细胞直接接触而诱发与幽门螺杆菌相关的胃外疾病。这种胃部病原体。此外，幽门螺杆菌衍生的 OMV 有助于细菌存活和慢性胃病发病机制。此外，幽门螺杆菌OMV的免疫原性、不可复制性和抗菌粘附作用使其成为理想的抗感染疫苗候选者。 OMV 内容物的免疫原性和安全性是开发基于幽门螺杆菌 OMV 的疫苗的挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关幽门螺杆菌 OMV 的最新进展，重点关注对其生物发生机制和生物学功能的新见解。© 作者。

Helicobacter pylori has been recognized not only as a causative agent of a spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer, but also as the culprit in several extra-gastric diseases. However, the association of H. pylori infection with extra-gastric diseases remains elusive, prompting a reevaluation of the role of H. pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Like other gram-negative bacteria, H. pylori constitutively sheds biologically active OMVs for long-distance delivery of bacterial virulence factors in a concentrated and protected form, averting the need of direct bacterial contact with distant host cells to induce extra-gastric diseases associated with this gastric pathogen. Additionally, H. pylori-derived OMVs contribute to bacterial survival and chronic gastric pathogenesis. Moreover, the immunogenic activity, non-replicable nature, and anti-bacterial adhesion effect of H. pylori OMVs make them a desirable vaccine candidate against infection. The immunogenic potency and safety concerns of the OMV contents are challenges in the development of H. pylori OMV-based vaccines. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding H. pylori OMVs, focusing on new insights into their biogenesis mechanisms and biological functions.© The author(s).