医疗保健领域的创新推动了众多植入式医疗设备 (IMD) 的发展。然而，随着我们对乳房植入相关恶性肿瘤认识的进步，人们对与非乳房 IMD 相关的恶性肿瘤的患病率、病因和治疗提出了疑问。本研究的目的是检查与非乳腺 IMD 相关的恶性肿瘤的患病率和特征。一位医学图书馆专家制定了本次综述的检索策略。数据库包括 MEDLINE（国家医学图书馆，贝塞斯达，马里兰州；检索日期范围：1946 年至 2023 年 6 月 21 日）、EMBASE（爱思唯尔，阿姆斯特丹，荷兰；检索日期范围：1946 年至 2023 年 6 月 21 日）和 Cochrane对照试验中央登记册（CENTRAL；Cochrane 图书馆，Wiley，Hoboken，NJ；检索日期范围：1946 年至 2023 年 6 月 21 日）。此外，还检索了灰色文献来源，并纳入了系统评价和荟萃分析的相关参考文献。 PRISMA 指南用于指导审查。使用 JBI 批判性评估工具评估偏倚风险。总共审查了 12,230 篇文章，其中 77 篇符合纳入标准。病例报告的偏倚风险最高（中等，平均为 65.1%，范围为 37.5% 至 100%），其余研究类型的偏倚风险较低。总共发现了 616 例 IMD 相关恶性肿瘤病例。与 IMD 相关的恶性肿瘤见于头/颈 (543, 88.1%)、下肢 (57, 9.6%)、胸部 (9, 1.4%)、腹部 (3, 0.5%) 和泌尿生殖系统 (2, 0.3) %）。下肢最常见的恶性肿瘤类型是肉瘤，头颈部最常见的恶性肿瘤类型是鳞状细胞癌，胸部最常见的恶性肿瘤类型是淋巴瘤。这项研究是同类研究中的第一个全面系统综述。总体而言，IMD 的肿瘤风险较低。恶性肿瘤的讨论是整个同意过程的重要组成部分，并且应将恶性肿瘤与植入物解剖区域的任何新体征或症状一起考虑。需要更多数据来更好地了解 IMD 周围原发性恶性肿瘤如何发生以及如何降低这种风险。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表美学协会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

Innovation in healthcare has led to the development of numerous implantable medical devices (IMDs). However, advances in our knowledge of breast implant-associated malignancies have raised questions about the prevalence, etiology and management of malignancies associated with non-breast IMDs. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of malignancies associated with non-breast IMDs. An expert medical librarian developed the search strategy for this review. Databases included MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD; date range of search: 1946 to June 21, 2023), EMBASE (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; date range of search: 1946 to June 21, 2023), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Cochrane Library, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ; date range of search: 1946 to June 21, 2023). In addition, grey literature sources were searched and relevant references from systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. The PRISMA guideline was used to guide the review. Risk of bias was evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal tools. A total of 12,230 articles were reviewed with a total of 77 meeting inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was highest with case reports (moderate, average of 65.1% with range of 37.5 to 100%) and low for the remaining study types. In total, 616 cases of IMD-associated malignancies were identified. Malignancies associated with IMDs were reported in the head/neck (543, 88.1%), lower extremity (57, 9.6%), thorax (9, 1.4%), abdomen (3, 0.5%), and genitourinary system (2, 0.3%). The most common malignancy type in the lower extremity was sarcoma, in the head and neck was squamous cell carcinoma, and in the thorax was lymphoma. This study is the first comprehensive systematic review of its kind. Overall, the oncologic risk of IMDs is low. The discussion of malignancy is an important part to the overall consent process and malignancy should be considered with any new signs or symptoms in the anatomic area of an implant. More data is needed to better understand how primary malignancies occur around IMDs and how to reduce this risk.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Aesthetic Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.