细菌外膜囊泡（OMV）是革兰氏阴性细菌自然释放的小囊泡。这些囊泡具有独特的特征，因其在癌症治疗中的药物给药和免疫治疗中的潜在用途而引起人们的关注。治疗药物可以通过 OMV 直接输送到肿瘤部位，从而最大限度地减少与健康细胞的接触并降低全身毒性的风险。此外，OMV 激活免疫系统已被证明有助于识别和消除癌细胞，这使它们成为免疫治疗的理想工具。它们还可以经过基因改造，携带特定抗原、免疫调节化合物和小干扰RNA，增强对癌细胞的免疫反应并沉默与疾病进展相关的基因。将 OMV 与化疗和放疗等其他癌症治疗方法相结合已显示出有希望的协同效应。这篇综述强调了细菌 OMV 在癌症中的关键作用，强调了它们作为新型癌症靶向治疗载体的潜力。随着研究人员深入研究这些囊泡的复杂性及其与肿瘤的相互作用，人们越来越乐观地认为这种研究途径将在可预见的未来为癌症患者带来积极的结果和新的希望。版权所有 © 2024 中华医学会，由 Wolters Kluwer, Inc. 根据 CC-BY-NC-ND 许可生产。

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are diminutive vesicles naturally released by Gram-negative bacteria. These vesicles possess distinctive characteristics that attract attention for their potential use in drug administration and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Therapeutic medicines may be delivered via OMVs directly to the tumor sites, thereby minimizing exposure to healthy cells and lowering the risk of systemic toxicity. Furthermore, the activation of the immune system by OMVs has been demonstrated to facilitate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells, which makes them a desirable tool for immunotherapy. They can also be genetically modified to carry specific antigens, immunomodulatory compounds, and small interfering RNAs, enhancing the immune response to cancerous cells and silencing genes associated with disease progression. Combining OMVs with other cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation has shown promising synergistic effects. This review highlights the crucial role of bacterial OMVs in cancer, emphasizing their potential as vectors for novel cancer targeted therapies. As researchers delve deeper into the complexities of these vesicles and their interactions with tumors, there is a growing sense of optimism that this avenue of study will bring positive outcomes and renewed hope to cancer patients in the foreseeable future.Copyright © 2024 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.