体力活动 (PA) 可降低罹患乳腺癌 (BC) 的风险，并降低 BC 患者在诊断后开始进行体力活动的死亡率。免疫调节被认为是造成这些效应的原因。然而，关于新辅助化疗 (NACT) 期间中度 PA (mPA) 诱导的免疫调节的数据有限。我们研究了单独使用 NACT 或联合 mPA 期间细胞因子的纵向变化。在连续时间点对 BC 患者的 23 种细胞因子进行了分析：基线时 (T0)、开始 mPA 之前 (T1)、手术前 (T2) 和术后手术（T3）。 mPA 包括连续 9-10 周的每周 3 次快走训练。对 92 名患者进行了评估：21 名患者拒绝 mPA（未经训练），71 名患者同意（训练过）。在 T1 时，NACT 诱导白细胞介素 (IL)-5、IL-6、IL-15、趋化因子配体 (CCL)-2、干扰素-γ 和 C-X-C 基序配体 (CXCL)-10 显着上调，并减少表达IL-13 和 CCL-22。在T2时，NACT和mPA诱导IL-21、CCL-2和肿瘤坏死因子-α的上调，以及IL-8、IL-15、血管内皮生长因子和可溶性白细胞介素6受体的表达减少。在未经训练的患者中，只有 CXCL-10 有所增加。创建细胞因子评分 (CS) 来综合分析 T1 和 T2 之间的变化。在 T2 时，受过训练的患者的 CS 下降，未经训练的患者的 CS 增加。我们使用细胞因子和预测因素对患者进行聚类，并确定了两个聚类。 A 组包含 90% 的受过训练的患者，与 B 组相比，显示出更多的病理学完全缓解 (pCR)：分别为 78% 和 22%。mPA 与 NACT 相互作用，在受过训练的患者中诱导 CS 减少，而在未经训练的患者中未观察到这一现象，这表明尽管进行化疗，炎症仍会减少。这种效应可能有助于在 A 组（包括大多数受过训练的患者）中观察到较高的 pCR 率。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and mortality rate in BC patients starting PA after diagnosis. Immunomodulation is considered responsible for these effects. However, limited data exist on the immunomodulation induced by moderate PA (mPA) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). We have investigated the longitudinal change of cytokines during NACT alone or combined with mPA.Twenty-three cytokines were analyzed in BC patients at consecutive timepoints: at baseline (T0), before starting mPA (T1), before surgery (T2), and after surgery (T3). mPA consisted of 3-weekly brisk-walking sessions for 9-10 consecutive weeks.Ninety-two patients were assessed: 21 patients refused mPA (untrained) and 71 agreed (trained). At T1, NACT induced significant up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-15, chemokine ligand (CCL)-2, interferon-γ, and C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-10 and reduction of expression of IL-13 and CCL-22. At T2, NACT and mPA induced up-regulation of IL-21, CCL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduction of expression of IL-8, IL-15, vascular endothelial growth factor, and soluble interleukin 6 receptor. Only CXCL-10 increased in untrained patients. A cytokine score (CS) was created to analyze, all together, the changes between T1 and T2. At T2 the CS decreased in trained and increased in untrained patients. We clustered the patients using cytokines and predictive factors and identified two clusters. The cluster A, encompassing 90% of trained patients, showed more pathological complete response (pCR) compared to the cluster B: 78% versus 22%, respectively.mPA interacts with NACT inducing CS reduction in trained patients not observed in untrained patients, suggesting a reduction of inflammation, notwithstanding chemotherapy. This effect may contribute to the higher rate of pCR observed in the cluster A, including most trained patients.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.