尽管免疫检查点抑制剂（抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、抗CTLA-4抗体）在恶性肿瘤的治疗中取得了相当的成功，但对于部分患者来说，治疗效果仍不理想。因此，必须制定策略来增强这些 ICI 的效果。越来越多的证据强烈表明，这个问题的关键在于将肿瘤免疫微环境从无免疫浸润或低免疫浸润状态转变为高免疫浸润状态，并增强T细胞的肿瘤细胞杀伤作用。因此，提出了一些组合策略，本综述总结了 39 种旨在提高 ICI 有效性的策略，其中包括 10 种临床方法和 29 种基础研究策略的组合。此外，这篇综述提高了对 ICI 联合治疗的全面理解，并激发了肿瘤免疫治疗的新想法。© 2024。作者。

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, and anti-CTLA-4 antibody) have displayed considerable success in the treatment of malignant tumors, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory for a portion of patients. Therefore, it is imperative to develop strategies to enhance the effect of these ICIs. Increasing evidence strongly suggests that the key to this issue is to transform the tumor immune microenvironment from a state of no or low immune infiltration to a state of high immune infiltration and enhance the tumor cell-killing effect of T cells. Therefore, some combination strategies have been proposed and this review appraise a summary of 39 strategies aiming at enhancing the effectiveness of ICIs, which comprise combining 10 clinical approaches and 29 foundational research strategies. Moreover, this review improves the comprehensive understanding of combination therapy with ICIs and inspires novel ideas for tumor immunotherapy.© 2024. The Author(s).