在当代肿瘤学格局中，以免疫检查点阻断（ICB）疗法为代表的免疫疗法脱颖而出，成为癌症治疗创新的灯塔。尽管有希望，但该疗法的进展却因临床反应率不佳而受到阻碍。为了应对这一挑战，NLRP3 炎症小体-GSDMD 介导的细胞焦亡途径的调节有望成为增强免疫疗法疗效的一种手段。在该通路中，NLRP3 炎症小体充当关键分子传感器，对生物体内的炎症刺激做出反应。它的激活通过 GSDMD 的裂解导致细胞因子白细胞介素 1β 和白细胞介素 18 的释放，从而形成膜孔并可能导致细胞焦亡。这一级联过程对肿瘤的发生和进展产生深远的影响，其功能和表达在不同的肿瘤类型和发育阶段中表现出差异。因此，了解 NLRP3 炎性体和 GSDMD 介导的细胞焦亡在不同肿瘤中的具体作用对于理解肿瘤发生和制定精确的治疗策略至关重要。本综述旨在阐明NLRP3炎症小体的结构和激活机制，以及GSDMD介导的细胞焦亡的诱导机制。此外，我们还全面概述了该通路在各种癌症类型中的参与及其在肿瘤免疫治疗、纳米治疗等领域的应用。重点是利用这种方法在免疫治疗领域增强 ICB 治疗的可行性。此外，我们还讨论了该途径在其他免疫治疗方法中的潜在应用，例如嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 (CAR-T) 疗法和肿瘤疫苗。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

In the contemporary landscape of oncology, immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, stands out as a beacon of innovation in cancer treatment. Despite its promise, the therapy's progression is hindered by suboptimal clinical response rates. Addressing this challenge, the modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway holds promise as a means to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy. In the pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a pivotal molecular sensor that responds to inflammatory stimuli within the organism. Its activation leads to the release of cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18 through the cleavage of GSDMD, thereby forming membrane pores and potentially resulting in pyroptosis. This cascade of processes exerts a profound impact on tumor development and progression, with its function and expression exhibiting variability across different tumor types and developmental stages. Consequently, understanding the specific roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in diverse tumors is imperative for comprehending tumorigenesis and crafting precise therapeutic strategies. This review aims to elucidate the structure and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the induction mechanisms of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of this pathway in various cancer types and its applications in tumor immunotherapy, nanotherapy, and other fields. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility of leveraging this approach to enhance ICB therapy within the field of immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of this pathway in other immunotherapy methods, such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and tumor vaccines.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.