免疫疗法在血液恶性肿瘤和某些实体瘤中显示出有希望的治疗效果，并已成为一种重要且极具潜力的癌症治疗方式。然而，前列腺癌属于免疫抵抗性冷肿瘤的范畴，免疫疗法对实体瘤患者的疗效有限。因此，深入了解前列腺癌的肿瘤微环境以促进免疫系统激活并克服免疫抑制以推进前列腺癌的免疫治疗非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了前列腺癌的免疫抑制微环境，其特点是肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞少、免疫抑制细胞丰富、免疫原性低、非炎症表型，显着影响前列腺癌免疫治疗的疗效。免疫治疗主要通过激活宿主免疫系统、克服免疫抑制来实现。对此，我们总结了前列腺癌中免疫检查点阻断、免疫原性细胞死亡、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境逆转、肿瘤疫苗、免疫佐剂、嵌合抗原受体T细胞治疗、克服渗透障碍等方面的治疗进展，旨在提供新颖的研究见解和方法来增强前列腺癌免疫疗法的有效性。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Immunotherapy has shown promising therapeutic effects in hematological malignancies and certain solid tumors and has emerged as a critical and highly potential treatment modality for cancer. However, prostate cancer falls under the category of immune-resistant cold tumors, for which immunotherapy exhibits limited efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Thus, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer to facilitate immune system activation and overcome immune suppression to advance immunotherapy for prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the immunosuppressive microenvironment of prostate cancer, which is characterized by the presence of few tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, abundant immunosuppressive cells, low immunogenicity, and a noninflammatory phenotype, which significantly influences the efficacy of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Immunotherapy is mainly achieved by activating the host immune system and overcoming immunosuppression. In this regard, we summarize the therapeutic advances in immune checkpoint blockade, immunogenic cell death, reversal of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor vaccines, immune adjuvants, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and overcoming penetration barriers in prostate cancer, with the aim of providing novel research insights and approaches to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy for prostate cancer.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.