目前可用的生物标志物不足以准确预测患者的免疫治疗反应。本工作试图探讨PD-1/PD-L1相互作用评分结合肿瘤微环境中NKT样细胞浸润水平对预测免疫治疗疗效的影响。对24例接受免疫治疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者进行多重分析免疫荧光定量评估目标生物标志物的阳性细胞及其空间定位。分析 PD-1/PD-L1 相互作用评分与 NKT 样细胞浸润水平和免疫治疗反应之间的相关性。通过受试者操作特征曲线分析评估了两种单独的生物标志物和组合的新型生物标志物在免疫治疗功效中的预测性能。使用Kaplan-Meier曲线分析这些因素与患者生存预后的关系。在应答者中，PD-1/PD-L1相互作用评分和NKT样细胞浸润水平显着高于无应答者（P < 0.05），并且PD-1 /PD-L1相互作用评分和NKT样细胞浸润水平可以有效识别有免疫治疗反应的人群，曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.7571和0.8643。两者联合在预测免疫治疗疗效方面表现最佳（AUC = 0.9070）。高 PD-1/PD-L1 相互作用评分和高水平的 NKT 样细胞浸润可显着改善患者的无进展生存期（HR = 0.2544，P = 0.0053）和总生存期（HR = 0.2820，P = 0.0053）。 PD-1/PD-L1相互作用评分和NKT样细胞浸润水平在预测NSCLC患者的免疫治疗反应方面具有良好的表现，有助于准确识别可能受益于免疫治疗的患者。版权所有©2024国际细胞学会

The currently available biomarkers are insufficient to accurately predict the immunotherapy response in patients. This work attempted to investigate effects of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score combined with NKT-like cell infiltration level in tumor microenvironment on predicting immunotherapy efficacy.24 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent immunotherapy were analyzed using multiplex immunofluorescence to quantitatively assess positive cells of target biomarkers and their spatial localization. Correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score in combination with NKT-like cell infiltration level and immunotherapy response was analyzed. The predictive performance of two individual biomarkers and combined novel biomarkers in immunotherapy efficacy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Relationships between these factors and patient survival prognosis were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves.Among responders, PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score and NKT-like cell infiltration level were significantly higher than nonresponders (P < 0.05), and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score and NKT-like cell infiltration level could effectively identify the population with immunotherapy response, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.7571 and 0.8643, respectively. Combination of the two had the best performance in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy (AUC = 0.9070). High PD-1/PD-L1 interaction scores and high levels of NKT-like cell infiltration significantly improved progression-free survival (HR = 0.2544, P = 0.0053) and overall survival (HR = 0.2820, P = 0.0053) in patients.Combination of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction score and NKT-like cell infiltration level had favorable performance in predicting immunotherapy response in NSCLC patients, contributing to accurately identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.Copyright © 2024 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.