在当前抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 时代，评估艾滋病毒感染者 (PLHIV) 患癌症的风险至关重要，因为他们对多种癌症的易感性增加，并且由于接受 ART 治疗而延长了生存期。我们的研究旨在比较卢旺达艾滋病毒感染与特定癌症部位之间的关联。基于人群的癌症登记数据用于识别艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病毒阴性者的癌症病例。 HIV 和癌症登记处之间的概率记录关联方法被用来补充癌症登记处的 HIV 状态确定。使用非条件逻辑回归模型评估了 HIV 感染与不同癌症类型之间的关联。我们进行了多项敏感性分析，以评估我们研究结果的稳健性，并评估不同假设对我们结果的潜在影响。 2007年至2018年，癌症登记处记录了17,679例病例，其中7%是在艾滋病毒感染者中确诊的。我们发现 HIV 感染与卡波西肉瘤 (KS)（调整后比值比 [OR]：29.1，95% CI：23.2-36.6）、非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL)（1.6、1.3-2.0）、霍奇金淋巴瘤（ HL）（1.6，1.1-2.4），宫颈癌（2.3，2.0-2.7），外阴癌（4.0，2.5-6.5），阴茎癌（3.0，2.0-4.5）和眼癌（2.2，1.6-3.0）。感染艾滋病毒的男性比未感染艾滋病毒的男性患肛门癌的风险更高（3.1、1.0-9.5），但感染艾滋病毒的女性并不比未感染艾滋病毒的女性患肛门癌的风险更高（1.0、0.2-4.3）。我们的研究发现，在卢旺达扩大抗逆转录病毒治疗覆盖范围的时代，艾滋病毒与多种癌症有关，特别是与病毒感染有关的癌症。© 2024 世界卫生组织；由 UICC 和作者许可。约翰·威利出版的《国际癌症杂志》

Assessing the risk of cancer among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the current era of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial, given their increased susceptibility to many types of cancer and prolonged survival due to ART exposure. Our study aims to compare the association between HIV infection and specific cancer sites in Rwanda. Population-based cancer registry data were used to identify cancer cases in both PLHIV and HIV-negative persons. A probabilistic record linkage approach between the HIV and cancer registries was used to supplement HIV status ascertainment in the cancer registry. Associations between HIV infection and different cancer types were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression models. We performed several sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our findings and to evaluate the potential impact of different assumptions on our results. From 2007 to 2018, the cancer registry recorded 17,679 cases, of which 7% were diagnosed among PLHIV. We found significant associations between HIV infection and Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 29.1, 95% CI: 23.2-36.6), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (1.6, 1.3-2.0), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (1.6, 1.1-2.4), cervical (2.3, 2.0-2.7), vulvar (4.0, 2.5-6.5), penile (3.0, 2.0-4.5), and eye cancers (2.2, 1.6-3.0). Men living with HIV had a higher risk of anal cancer (3.1, 1.0-9.5) than men without HIV, but women living with HIV did not have higher risk than women without HIV (1.0, 0.2-4.3). Our study found that in an era of expanded ART coverage in Rwanda, HIV is associated with a broad range of cancers, particularly those linked to viral infections.© 2024 World Health Organization; licensed by UICC and The Author(s). International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.