侵袭性真菌病 (IFD) 是患有高危发热性中性粒细胞减少症 (HRFN) 的癌症儿童的高发病率和死亡率的感染。 IFD 流行病学在过去二十年中发生了变化，近年来，由于面临 IFD 风险的免疫功能低下儿童的数量不断增加，IFD 的发病率不断增加。本研究的目的是评估智利 6 家医院 2016-2020 年期间与 2004-2006 年相比，癌症儿童 IFD 的发病率。2016 年至 2020 年间在智利 6 家医院进行了前瞻性、多中心研究。定义的队列对应于 <18 岁癌症患者的动态 HRFN 发作组，这些患者在进化的第四天仍然出现发烧和中性粒细胞减少症（持续性 HRFN）。每集都被追踪直到 FN 解决。计算了2016年至2020年期间IFD的发病率，并与2004年至2006年期间获得的数据进行比较。估计发病率。共分析了 777 次 HRFN 发作； 174 例患者中有 257 例 (33.1%) 被认为是持续性 HRFN。中位年龄为 7 岁（IQR：3-12 岁），52.3%（N=91）为男性。检测到 53 次 IFD 发作：21 次已证实，14 次可能，18 次可能。排除可能的 IFD，留下 239 次持续性 HRFN，IFD 发生率为 14.6%（95% CI 10.5-19.9），每 1000 天中性粒细胞减少症的发生率为 13.6 个 IFD 病例（95% CI 9.5-20.0）。与 2004-2006 年队列（发生率：8.5% (95% CI 5.2-13.5)）相比，2016 年至 2020 年队列中的发生率显着增加了 6.1%（95% CI 0.2-12.1，p = .047） .与 2004-2006 年期间相比，我们观察到 2016-2020 年 IFD 显着增加。© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH。约翰·威利出版

Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are high morbidity and mortality infections in children with cancer suffering episodes of high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN). IFD epidemiology has changed in the last two decades, with an increasing incidence in recent years due to the growing number of immunocompromised children at risk for IFD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of IFD in children with cancer in the period 2016-2020 compared to 2004-2006 in six hospitals in Chile.Prospective, multicentre study, carried out between 2016 and 2020 in six hospitals in Chile. The defined cohort corresponds to a dynamic group of HRFN episodes in patients <18 years old with cancer, who at the fourth day of evolution still presented fever and neutropenia (persistent HRFN). Each episode was followed until resolution of FN. The incidence of IFD was calculated between 2016 and 2020 and compared with data obtained in the period 2004-2006. The incidence rate was estimated.A total of 777 episodes of HRFN were analysed; 257 (33.1%) were considered as persistent-HRFN occurring in 174 patients. The median age was 7 years (IQR: 3-12 years) and 52.3% (N = 91) were male. Fifty-three episodes of IFD were detected: 21 proven, 14 probable and 18 possible. Possible IFD were excluded, leaving 239 episodes of persistent-HRFN with an IFD incidence of 14.6% (95% CI 10.5-19.9) and an incidence rate of 13.6 IFD cases per 1000 days of neutropenia (95% CI 9.5-20.0). Compared to 2004-2006 cohort (incidence: 8.5% (95% CI 5.2-13.5)), a significant increase in incidence of 6.1% (95% CI 0.2-12.1, p = .047) was detected in cohorts between 2016 and 2020.We observed a significant increase in IFD in 2016-2020, compared to 2004-2006 period.© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.