环境中的物理、化学和生物因素不断影响体内和体外的生物过程，包括与癌症和代谢有关的各种组蛋白修饰。然而，乙酰化调节的复杂机制仍不清楚。在哺乳动物精子发生过程中，乙酰化在修复双链DNA断裂、调控基因转录以及调节各种信号通路等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文总结了小鼠睾丸中的组蛋白乙酰化位点，并全面概述了组蛋白乙酰化如何参与精子发生过程。组蛋白脱乙酰酶调控下精子发生的不同阶段。强调了精子发生过程中各类组蛋白脱乙酰酶的调节功能以及组蛋白乙酰化和其他组蛋白修饰之间的交叉点。了解组蛋白去乙酰化酶在精子发生过程中调节组蛋白乙酰化的机制势在必行，这有助于预防和治疗不孕相关疾病。© 2024 美国男科学会和欧洲男科学会。

Physical, chemical, and biological factors in the environment constantly influence in vivo and in vitro biological processes, including diverse histone modifications involved in cancer and metabolism. However, the intricate mechanisms of acetylation regulation remain poorly elucidated. In mammalian spermatogenesis, acetylation plays a crucial role in repairing double-strand DNA breaks, regulating gene transcription, and modulating various signaling pathways.This review summarizes the histone acetylation sites in the mouse testis and provides a comprehensive overview of how histone acetylation is involved in different stages of spermatogenesis under the regulation by histone deacetylases. The regulatory functions of various class histone deacetylases during spermatogenesis and the crossroad between histone acetylation and other histone modifications are highlighted. It is imperative to understand the mechanisms of histone acetylation regulated by histone deacetylases in spermatogenesis, which facilitates to prevent and treat infertility-related diseases.© 2024 American Society of Andrology and European Academy of Andrology.