结肠癌被列为全球第四大癌症死亡原因，表现出以遗传变异为标志的复杂进展。在过去的十年中，多种 CRISPR 系统的利用推动了结直肠癌 (CRC) 治疗研究的加速。CRISPR/Cas9 是这项研究的关键参与者，它鉴定了新的癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因 (TSG) 和耐药基因。此外，它还有助于实验模型的构建，进行全基因组文库筛选，并开发新的治疗靶点，特别是体内靶向敲除或分子靶向药物递送，有助于个性化治疗并显着增强结肠癌患者的护理。在这篇综述中，我们深入了解了 CRISPR/Cas9 系统的机制，全面探索了其在 CRC 中的应用，涵盖筛查、建模、基因功能、诊断和基因治疗。在承认其变革潜力的同时，本文强调了 CRISPR 系统的挑战和局限性。CRISPR/Cas9 在 CRC 研究中的应用为个性化治疗提供了一条有前途的途径。它在识别关键基因、启用实验模型和全基因组筛选方面的潜力可增强患者护理。这篇综述强调了 CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑技术在结肠癌基础研究、诊断和治疗领域的重要性。

Colon cancer, ranked as the fourth leading global cause of cancer death, exhibits a complex progression marked by genetic variations. Over the past decade, the utilization of diverse CRISPR systems has propelled accelerated research into colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment.CRISPR/Cas9, a key player in this research, identifies new oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), and drug-resistance genes. Additionally, it facilitates the construction of experimental models, conducts genome-wide library screening, and develops new therapeutic targets, especially for targeted knockout in vivo or molecular targeted drug delivery, contributing to personalized treatments and significantly enhancing the care of colon cancer patients. In this review, we provide insights into the mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, offering a comprehensive exploration of its applications in CRC, spanning screening, modeling, gene functions, diagnosis, and gene therapy. While acknowledging its transformative potential, the article  highlights the challenges and limitations of CRISPR systems.The application of CRISPR/Cas9 in CRC research provides a promising avenue for personalized treatments. Its potential for identifying key genes and enabling experimental models and genome-wide screening enhances patient care. This review underscores the significance of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology across basic research, diagnosis, and the treatment landscape of colon cancer.