在过去的 20 年里，心脏肿瘤学已成为一个新的心血管亚专科。较早的非特异性化疗（例如蒽环类药物）和放疗已被充分描述为心脏毒性药物，蒽环类药物相关的心力衰竭最初由 Drs. 博士在儿科人群中进行了广泛研究。史蒂文·利普舒尔茨（Steven Lipshultz）（心脏病专家）和斯蒂芬·萨兰（Stephen Sallan）（肿瘤学家）。希望随着新型靶向疗法的出现，这些毒性将会减少。然而，20 多年前，人们发现接受曲妥珠单抗（一种乳腺癌靶向治疗）的患者中有一定比例可能患有心肌病，因此需要在治疗期间进行基于成像的心脏监测。从那时起，多种新型靶向癌症疗法，从生物制剂到小分子抑制剂，跨越不同类别，已与急性和慢性心血管和心脏代谢并发症相关。由于癌症患者预后的改善，慢性后遗症变得更加具有临床意义。在美国，有近2000万癌症幸存者，占总人口的6%。心血管疾病，而不是癌症，是该人群死亡的主要原因。鉴于不断扩大的肿瘤治疗被引入实践，心脏肿瘤学代表了一个新的临床前沿。这些疗法与独特的临床心血管和心脏代谢综合征相关。例如，十年前，很少有人会预测到免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 会导致心血管并发症，免疫疗法目前已在 50% 的癌症患者中获得批准。包括心肌炎和心包炎在内的炎症性心肌病代表了实践中重要的新的急性临床挑战。 ICI 的慢性心血管影响尚未确定。鉴于这些临床实体，需要新的诊断和治疗方法。

In the past 20 years, cardio-oncology has emerged as a new cardiovascular subspeciality. Older, non-specific chemotherapies (such as anthracyclines) and radiation had been well-described cardiotoxic agents, with anthracycline-associated heart failure initially extensively studied in the pediatric population by Drs. Steven Lipshultz (a cardiologist) and Stephen Sallan (an oncologist). The hope was that with the emergence of novel targeted therapies, these toxicities would be curtailed. However, more than 20 years ago, it became apparent that a percentage of patients exposed to trastuzumab, a targeted breast cancer therapy, can suffer from cardiomyopathy, necessitating imaging-based cardiac monitoring during treatment. Since then, multiple classes of novel targeted cancer therapies, ranging from biologics to small molecule inhibitors and spanning different classes, have been associated with acute and chronic cardiovascular and cardiometabolic complications. Chronic sequelae have become even more clinically relevant due to improved prognosis of cancer patients. In the United States, there are nearly 20,000,000 cancer survivors, representing 6% of the population. Cardiovascular disease, not cancer, is the leading cause of death among this population. Cardio-oncology represents a new clinical frontier given the ever-expanding oncologic therapies being introduced into practice. These therapies are associated with unique clinical cardiovascular and cardiometabolic syndromes. For example, a decade ago, few would have predicted the cardiovascular complications that from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), immunotherapies that are currently approved in 50% of cancer patients. Inflammatory cardiomyopathies including myocarditis and pericarditis represent important new acute clinical challenges in practice. Chronic cardiovascular effects of ICI are yet to be defined. Given these clinical entities, new approaches are needed for diagnosis and treatment.