多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 是一种仍然无法治愈的慢性血液恶性肿瘤，因为大多数患者最终会复发或对当前治疗产生耐药性。 MM 是一个主要的健康问题，全球发病率不断上升。虽然增加 MM 治疗的选择，包括新的免疫疗法（双特异性单克隆抗体和嵌合抗原受体 (CAR)-T 细胞疗法），可能会进一步改善 MM 患者的预后，但一些与治疗无关的关键问题可能代表这是未来几年改善 MM 结果的先决条件。这包括现实世界证据数据的必要性、对虚弱的更好定义、动态疾病风险评估、对高风险疾病的更好定义、更广泛地获得新药的必要性，以及确保代表性不足的多样性和代表性组。这些关键问题将在当前的观点回顾中讨论。© 2024。作者。

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic hematologic malignancy that remains incurable, because most patients eventually relapse or become refractory to current treatments. MM is a major health problem, with a globally increasing incidence. While, increase in the choice of MM treatment, including new immunotherapies (bispecific monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy), may allow to further improve MM patients' outcomes, some non-therapy-related key issues may represent a pre-requisite towards improving MM outcomes in the next few years. This includes, the necessity of real-world evidence data, of a better definition of frailty, of a dynamic disease risk assessment, of a better definition of high-risk disease, broader accessibility to novel drugs, and to ensure diversity and representation of underrepresented groups. These key issues will be discussed in the current perspective review.© 2024. The Author(s).