随着用于治疗非小细胞肺癌的免疫检查点抑制剂的开发，对新的功能成像技术和早期反应评估的需求有所增加，以解决新的反应模式和高昂的治疗成本。本研究旨在评估动态对比增强计算机断层扫描 (DCE-CT) 对接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者生存结果的预后影响。 33 名无法手术的非小细胞肺癌患者作为随访的一部分，前瞻性地招募了接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的肺癌进行 DCE-CT。 DCE-CT 中包含基线时的单个目标病变和随后的后续检查。使用总生存期 (OS) 和无进展生存期 (PFS) 作为 Kaplan Meier 和 Cox 回归分析的终点来评估血容量解卷积 (BVdecon)、血流解卷积 (BFdecon)、血流最大斜率 (BFMax 斜率) 和渗透性。高基线血容量 (BVdecon) (> 12.97 ml × 100 g-1) 与良好的 OS（26.7 个月与 7.9 个月；p = 0.050）和 PFS（14.6 个月与 2.5 个月；p = 0.050）相关。在第 7 天的早期随访中，BFdecon 的相对增加较高（OS > 24.50%，PFS > 12.04%）与不利的 OS（8.7 个月 vs 23.1 个月；p< 0.025）和 PFS（2.5 vs 13.7）相关。月；p< 0.018）。第七天 BFdecon（分类）的相对变化是 OS（HR 0.26，CI95：0.06 至 0.93 p = 0.039）和 PFS（HR 0.27，CI95：0.09 至 0.85 p = 0.026）的预测因子。DCE-CT 鉴定对于接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的 NSCLC 患者，参数可作为基线和早期治疗期间的潜在预后生物标志物。© 2024。作者。

With the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the need for new functional imaging techniques and early response assessments has increased to account for new response patterns and the high cost of treatment. The present study was designed to assess the prognostic impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) on survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Thirty-three patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors were prospectively enrolled for DCE-CT as part of their follow-up. A single target lesion at baseline and subsequent follow-up examinations were enclosed in the DCE-CT. Blood volume deconvolution (BVdecon), blood flow deconvolution (BFdecon), blood flow maximum slope (BFMax slope) and permeability were assessed using overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) as endpoints in Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses.High baseline Blood Volume (BVdecon) (> 12.97 ml × 100 g-1) was associated with a favorable OS (26.7 vs 7.9 months; p = 0.050) and PFS (14.6 vs 2.5 months; p = 0.050). At early follow-up on day seven a higher relative increase in BFdecon (> 24.50% for OS and > 12.04% for PFS) was associated with an unfavorable OS (8.7 months vs 23.1 months; p < 0.025) and PFS (2.5 vs 13.7 months; p < 0.018). The relative change in BFdecon (categorical) on day seven was a predictor of OS (HR 0.26, CI95: 0.06 to 0.93 p = 0.039) and PFS (HR 0.27, CI95: 0.09 to 0.85 p = 0.026).DCE-CT-identified parameters may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers at baseline and during early treatment in patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.© 2024. The Author(s).