外泌体是直径为 30-150 nm 的小型脂质纳米囊泡。它们存在于所有体液中，并由大多数细胞通过胞吐作用主动分泌。外泌体在细胞间通讯中发挥着重要作用，并作为调节各种生理和病理过程（例如肿瘤耐药性的出现）的重要分子载体。肿瘤相关外泌体通过外泌体释放多药耐药蛋白和miRNA等物质，将耐药性转移到其他肿瘤细胞。这些物质改变细胞表型，使其对药物产生耐药性。肿瘤相关外泌体还在影响免疫细胞和基质细胞等其他细胞的耐药性方面发挥着作用。外泌体改变这些细胞的行为和功能，帮助肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视并形成肿瘤生态位。此外，外泌体还输出杀肿瘤药物、中和抗体药物等物质，帮助肿瘤细胞抵抗药物治疗。在这篇综述中，我们总结了外泌体通过在肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中递送货物来促进耐药性的机制。版权所有 © 2024 Ren、Li、Zhang、Tai 和 Yu。

Exosomes are small lipid nanovesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm. They are present in all body fluids and are actively secreted by the majority of cells through the process of exocytosis. Exosomes play an essential role in intercellular communication and act as significant molecular carriers in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as the emergence of drug resistance in tumors. Tumor-associated exosomes transfer drug resistance to other tumor cells by releasing substances such as multidrug resistance proteins and miRNAs through exosomes. These substances change the cell phenotype, making it resistant to drugs. Tumor-associated exosomes also play a role in impacting drug resistance in other cells, like immune cells and stromal cells. Exosomes alter the behavior and function of these cells to help tumor cells evade immune surveillance and form a tumor niche. In addition, exosomes also export substances such as tumoricidal drugs and neutralizing antibody drugs to help tumor cells resist drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in promoting drug resistance by delivering cargo in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).Copyright © 2024 Ren, Li, Zhang, Tai and Yu.