尽管宫颈癌（CC）和结直肠癌（CRC）筛查可有效降低癌症相关发病率和死亡率，但筛查参与度仍不理想。我们利用乳腺癌 (BC) 筛查的高参与率作为向 CC 和 CRC 筛查非参与者提供自我采样试剂盒的机会，研究了干预措施的有效性。务实、非盲、整群随机、多周期、交叉试验于2021年9月1日至2022年5月25日在丹麦中部地区（CDR）的5个BC筛查单位进行。在选定的100个工作日中，每个工作日随机分配1个BC筛查单位作为干预单位，而其余单位则提供服务作为控件。对在干预单位参加 BC 筛查的 50 至 69 岁女性进行 CC 筛查状态（50 至 64 岁）和 CRC 筛查状态（50 至 69 岁）的行政检查，并对逾期筛查的女性进行自我检查-采样。对照组中的女性仅根据有组织的计划获得标准筛选机会。主要结果是干预组和对照组在两个项目的总筛查覆盖率以及干预后 6 个月测量的逾期筛查女性的筛查参与度方面的差异。这些是使用意向治疗分析进行评估的，报告了具有 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的风险差异。该试验共有 27,116 名女性参与，其中干预组 5,618 名（20.7%）女性，对照组 21,498 名（79.3%）女性。干预后六个月，与对照组相比，干预组在 CC 筛查（88.3 比 83.5，差异 4.8 个百分点，95% CI [3.6, 6.0]；p < 0.001）和 CRC 筛查中的总覆盖率更高（79.8 与 76.0，差异 3.8 个百分点，95% CI [2.6, 5.1]；p < 0.001）。在逾期进行 CC 筛查的女性中，干预组的参与率为 32.0%，而对照组的参与率为 6.1%（差异 25.8 个百分点，95% CI [22.0, 29.6]；p < 0.001）。在CRC筛查中，干预组逾期筛查的女性参与率为23.8%，而对照组为8.9%（差异14.9个百分点，95% CI [12.3, 17.5]；p < 0.001）。未参加 BC 筛查的女性未纳入本研究。在参加 BC 筛查时向逾期接受 CC 和 CRC 筛查的女性提供自我采样是一种可行的干预措施，从而提高了参与率和总覆盖率。需要采取其他干预措施来接触未参加 BC 筛查的女性。ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05022511。丹麦中部地区研究项目处理活动的记录（R. 编号：1-16-02-217-21）。版权所有：© 2024 Helgestad 等人。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可条款分发的开放获取文章，允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制，前提是注明原始作者和来源。

Screening participation remains suboptimal in cervical cancer (CC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening despite their effectiveness in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effectiveness of an intervention by leveraging the high participation rate in breast cancer (BC) screening as an opportunity to offer self-sampling kits to nonparticipants in CC and CRC screening.A pragmatic, unblinded, cluster-randomised, multiple period, crossover trial was conducted in 5 BC screening units in the Central Denmark Region (CDR) between September 1, 2021 and May 25, 2022. On each of 100 selected weekdays, 1 BC screening unit was randomly allocated as the intervention unit while the remaining units served as controls. Women aged 50 to 69 years attending BC screening at the intervention unit were offered administrative check-up on their CC screening status (ages 50 to 64 years) and CRC screening status (aged 50 to 69), and women with overdue screening were offered self-sampling. Women in the control group received only standard screening offers according to the organised programmes. The primary outcomes were differences between the intervention group and the control group in the total screening coverage for the 2 programmes and in screening participation among women with overdue screening, measured 6 months after the intervention. These were assessed using intention-to-treat analysis, reporting risk differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 27,116 women were included in the trial, with 5,618 (20.7%) in the intervention group and 21,498 (79.3%) in the control group. Six months after the intervention, total coverage was higher in the intervention group as compared with the control group in CC screening (88.3 versus 83.5, difference 4.8 percentage points, 95% CI [3.6, 6.0]; p < 0.001) and in CRC screening (79.8 versus 76.0, difference 3.8 percentage points, 95% CI [2.6, 5.1]; p < 0.001). Among women overdue with CC screening, participation in the intervention group was 32.0% compared with 6.1% in the control group (difference 25.8 percentage points, 95% CI [22.0, 29.6]; p < 0.001). In CRC screening, participation among women overdue with screening in the intervention group was 23.8% compared with 8.9% in the control group (difference 14.9 percentage points, 95% CI [12.3, 17.5]; p < 0.001). Women who did not participate in BC screening were not included in this study.Offering self-sampling to women overdue with CC and CRC screening when they attend BC screening was a feasible intervention, resulting in an increase in participation and total coverage. Other interventions are required to reach women who are not participating in BC screening.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05022511. The record of processing activities for research projects in the Central Denmark Region (R. No.: 1-16-02-217-21).Copyright: © 2024 Helgestad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.