根治性手术仍然是局部复发性直肠癌（LRRC）的主要选择，因为它有可能大大延长患者的寿命。目前腹腔镜手术治疗LRRC的效果尚不清楚。本研究对2015年至2021年中国医学科学院肿瘤医院收治的LRRC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据所采用的手术方法，将患者分为两组，即开腹组和腹腔镜组。倾向评分匹配用于减少基线差异。比较两组的短期疗效和长期生存率。对111例诊断为LRRC的患者进行了根治性手术。经过倾向评分匹配后，共纳入80例患者，分为腹腔镜组（40例）和开腹组（40例）。腹腔镜组术中出血较少（100 vs. 300，P = 0.011），术后并发症发生率较低（20.0% vs. 42.5%，P = 0.030），伤口感染发生率较低（0 vs. 15.0%，P = 0.026），第一次排气的时间更短（2 vs. 3，P = 0.005）。腹腔镜组的3年总生存率（85.4% vs. 57.5%，P = 0.016）和3年无病生存率（63.9% vs. 36.5%，P = 0.029）较高。与开腹手术相比，腹腔镜手术组与手术期间出血较少、术后恢复较快以及手术部位感染发生率较低有关。此外，LRRC 的腹腔镜手术可能会产生更好的长期生存结果。© 2024。Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Radical surgery remains the primary option for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) as it has the potential to considerably extend the patient's lifespan. At present, the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery for LRRC remains unclear.The clinical data of patients with LRRC who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Patients were categorized into two groups, namely the open group and the laparoscopic group, based on the surgical method used. Propensity score matching was used to reduce baseline differences. The short-term outcomes and long-term survival between the two groups were compared.Curative surgery was performed on 111 patients who were diagnosed with LRRC. After propensity score matching, a total of 80 patients were included and divided into the laparoscopic group (40 patients) and the open group (40 patients). The laparoscopic group had less intraoperative bleeding (100 vs. 300, P = 0.011), a lower postoperative complication rate (20.0% vs. 42.5%, P = 0.030), a lower incidence of wound infection (0 vs. 15.0%, P = 0.026), and a shorter time to first flatus (2 vs. 3, P = 0.005). The laparoscopic group had higher 3-year overall survival (85.4% vs. 57.5%, P = 0.016) and 3-year disease-free survival (63.9% vs 36.5%, P = 0.029).In comparison to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery is linked to less bleeding during the operation, quicker recovery after the surgery, and a lower incidence of infections at the surgical site. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery for LRRC might yield superior long-term survival outcomes.© 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.