免疫疗法利用免疫系统固有的能力来对抗恶性肿瘤，从而彻底改变了癌症治疗。尽管肿瘤抗原有望刺激抗肿瘤免疫反应，但它们的临床应用受到引发强烈和持久免疫反应的限制，而肿瘤异质性和免疫逃避机制又加剧了这种限制。最近对宿主同源微生物抗原的免疫原性特性的了解引发了人们对其增强抗肿瘤免疫力同时最大限度地减少脱靶效应的潜力的兴趣。本综述首先概述了肿瘤抗原及其在临床转化中的挑战，探讨了微生物抗原肽在肿瘤免疫治疗中的治疗潜力。我们进一步探索微生物与肿瘤发展之间的复杂关系，阐明分子拟态的概念及其对肿瘤相关抗原免疫识别的影响。最后，我们讨论了鉴定和表征微生物抗原肽的方法，强调了它们的免疫原性和治疗应用前景。版权所有 © 2024 张、张、陈、张和张。

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system's innate capabilities to combat malignancies. Despite the promise of tumor antigens in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses, their clinical utility is hampered by limitations in eliciting robust and durable immune reactions, exacerbated by tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion mechanisms. Recent insights into the immunogenic properties of host homologous microbial antigens have sparked interest in their potential for augmenting anti-tumor immunity while minimizing off-target effects. This review explores the therapeutic potential of microbial antigen peptides in tumor immunotherapy, beginning with an overview of tumor antigens and their challenges in clinical translation. We further explore the intricate relationship between microorganisms and tumor development, elucidating the concept of molecular mimicry and its implications for immune recognition of tumor-associated antigens. Finally, we discuss methodologies for identifying and characterizing microbial antigen peptides, highlighting their immunogenicity and prospects for therapeutic application.Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Zhang, Chen, Zhang and Zhang.