尽管生物医学研究取得了巨大进步，癌症仍然是全世界死亡的主要原因之一。已经提出并应用了几种治疗方法来治疗癌症，并取得了令人印象深刻的结果。基于靶向免疫检查点信号通路的免疫疗法被证明是最有效的方法之一。在这篇综述文章中，我们将重点关注最近发现的 TNFα-TNFR2 信号通路，该通路控制许多免疫调节和促血管生成细胞的免疫和促血管生成特性，例如内皮祖细胞 (EPC)、间充质干细胞 (MSC)和调节性 T 细胞 (Treg)。由于其生物学特性，这些细胞可以在癌症进展和转移中发挥重要作用。因此，我们将讨论一种可以同时治疗两张脸的抗 TNFR2 治疗的优点和缺点。它会中断上述细胞的免疫抑制和促血管生成行为，并干扰肿瘤生长和存活。© 2024 UICC。

Despite the tremendous advances that have been made in biomedical research, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested and applied to treat cancer with impressive results. Immunotherapy based on targeting immune checkpoint signaling pathways proved to be one of the most efficient. In this review article, we will focus on the recently discovered TNFα-TNFR2 signaling pathway, which controls the immunological and pro-angiogenic properties of many immunoregulatory and pro-angiogenic cells such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Due to their biological properties, these cells can play a major role in cancer progression and metastasis. Therefore, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of an anti-TNFR2 treatment that could carry two faces under one hood. It interrupts the immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic behaviors of the above-mentioned cells and interferes with tumor growth and survival.© 2024 UICC.