据报道，核苷酸结合域样受体蛋白 3 (NLRP3) 是一种炎症小体，在慢性炎症中失调或异常表达，导致多种炎症性疾病、自身免疫性疾病和癌症。本研究旨在探讨NLRP3蛋白和分泌的细胞因子IL-β1在口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）和潜在恶性口腔疾病（PMOD）中的表达和作用。使用夹心ELISA对30例OSCC中的组织NLRP3表达进行定量、PMOD 和正常口腔粘膜。还通过 ELISA 测量血清 IL-β1 水平以确定其相关性。在手术治疗的 OSCC 病例中，病理参数如肿瘤大小、浸润深度 (DOI)、pTNM 分期和神经周围

Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), an inflammasome, is reported to be dysregulated or aberrantly expressed in chronic inflammation, leading to a myriad of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of NLRP3 protein and the secreted cytokine IL-β1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD).Tissue NLRP3 expression was quantified using sandwich ELISA in 30 cases each of OSCC, PMOD, and normal oral mucosa. Serum IL-β1 level was also measured by ELISA to determine their correlation. In surgically treated OSCC cases, pathological parameters such as tumor size, depth of invasion (DOI), pTNM stage, and perineural & lymphovascular invasion were assessed and correlated with NLRP3 & IL-β1 levels to investigate their roles in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis.Tissue NLRP3 expression was markedly elevated in OSCC, with significant IL-β1 levels observed in the serum of both OSCC and PMOD cases. Both markers showed a pronounced increase with the severity of dysplasia, indicating a strong association (p = 0.003%). The expression levels of tissue NLRP3 and serum IL-β1 were positively correlated with DOI and tumor size. Furthermore, their elevated levels, alongside higher histological grades, indicate roles in the dedifferentiation and progression of tumor cells.The findings indicated that increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in PMOD correlates with higher transformation rates, along with tumor progression and dedifferentiation in OSCC. Consequently, these markers hold promise as valuable targets for prognostic assessment, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in OSCC.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.