女性的寿命比男性长，这导致了预期寿命的性别差距。本研究考察了 1990-2019 年世界地区和国家女性癌症对这一差异的贡献，特别关注 15-69 岁年龄组。30 种癌症的特定原因死亡率数据，包括来自 238 个国家和地区的四种女性特有癌症取自 2019 年全球疾病负担研究。利用生命表技术和人口统计分解分析，我们按年龄和历期估计了癌症死亡对预期寿命性别差距的贡献。在 15-69 岁之间，女性的死亡率较高2019 年预期寿命高于男性。预期寿命性别差距最大或女性优势最大的国家位于东欧和北亚、拉丁美洲和南部非洲。相比之下，性别差距最小的国家主要位于北非、北美和北欧。女性特有的癌症对预期寿命性别差距的影响大部分为负，范围从西太平洋地区的-0.15岁到东地中海地区的-0.26岁，这意味着女性中不成比例的较高的过早癌症死亡率有助于降低预期寿命。女性预期寿命优势。女性特有的癌症是预期寿命性别差距的重要决定因素。它们对工作年龄组和育龄组的预期寿命产生负面影响，对社会产生深远影响。增加预防、筛查、及时诊断和有效治疗的可用性和可及性可以缩小这一差距。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社出版。版权所有。如需权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Females live longer than males, which results in a sex gap in life expectancy. This study examines the contribution of female cancers to this differential by world region and country 1990-2019 with special focus to the 15-69 age group.Cause-specific mortality data for 30 cancers, including four female-specific cancers from 238 countries and territories was retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Using life table techniques and demographic decomposition analysis, we estimated the contribution of cancer deaths to the sex gap in life expectancy by age and calendar period.At ages 15-69, females had a higher life expectancy than males in 2019. Countries with the largest sex gaps or the largest female advantage in life expectancy were in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, Latin America and Southern Africa. In contrast, countries with the smallest sex gaps were mainly located in Northern Africa, Northern America, and Northern Europe. The contribution of female-specific cancers to sex gaps in life expectancy were largely negative, ranging from -0.15 years in the Western Pacific to -0.26 years in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, implying that the disproportionately higher premature cancer mortality among females contributed to a reduction in the female life expectancy advantage.Female-specific cancers are important determinants of sex gaps in life expectancy. Their negative impact on life expectancy at working and reproductive age groups has far-reaching consequences for society. Increasing the availability and access to prevention, screening, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment can reduce this gap.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.