此病例描述了一名晚期早产儿继发于母胎出血和随后发现的母体绒毛膜癌的慢性贫血。该婴儿在胎龄 35 6/7 周时通过剖腹产出生，胎心音不放心。母亲出现胎动减少，生物物理特征为 4/8。分娩后，婴儿不需要呼吸支持，精力充沛，脸色极度苍白，脐带气血红蛋白低于5。胎儿母体出血继发慢性贫血。婴儿初始血红蛋白为2.4，红细胞压积为8.1。母亲的 Kleihauer-Betke 测试升高了 7%。婴儿进入新生儿重症监护室后需要部分换血。部分换血后，婴儿开始出现呼吸困难并需要呼吸支持。超声心动图显示新生儿严重持续性肺动脉高压。母亲随后被诊断出患有绒毛膜癌。婴儿从新生儿的慢性贫血和持续性肺动脉高压中完全康复，并与母亲一起出院回家。该婴儿需要在门诊进行绒毛膜癌随访检查。对诊断为早期慢性贫血的新生儿应进行评估，调查原因，并考虑适当的治疗。如果失血原因不明，应考虑进行产妇 Kleihauer-Betke 试验。在这种情况下，进行了部分换血以避免心血管容量超负荷，但另一个疗程可能包括小等分装的红细胞输注。版权所有 © 2024，国家新生儿护士协会。

This case describes chronic anemia of a late preterm infant secondary to maternal-fetal hemorrhage and subsequent findings of maternal choriocarcinoma.This infant was born at 35 6/7 weeks gestational age via cesarean section for non-reassuring fetal heart tones. The mother presented with decreased fetal movement and the biophysical profile was 4/8. Following delivery, the infant did not require respiratory support, was vigorous with extreme pallor, and had a hemoglobin of less than 5 on cord gas.Chronic anemia secondary to fetomaternal hemorrhage.The infant's initial hemoglobin was 2.4 and hematocrit was 8.1. The mother's Kleihauer-Betke test was elevated at 7%. The infant required a partial exchange transfusion following admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Following the partial exchange transfusion, the infant began to experience increasing respiratory distress and required respiratory support. An echocardiogram showed severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate. The mother was subsequently diagnosed with choriocarcinoma.The infant fully recovered from chronic anemia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and was discharged home with the mother. The infant required follow-up testing for choriocarcinoma outpatient.Newborns diagnosed with early chronic anemia should be evaluated, the cause investigated, and appropriate treatment considered. If the cause of blood loss is unknown, a maternal Kleihauer-Betke test should be considered. In this case, a partial exchange transfusion was performed to avoid cardiovascular volume overload, but another course of treatment could include small aliquots of packed red blood cell transfusions.Copyright © 2024 by The National Association of Neonatal Nurses.