探索和利用肺结核（TB）肉芽肿和恶性肿瘤之间微环境的相似性，揭示了更有效的宿主定向治疗（HDT）的新策略。这篇评论文章借鉴了肿瘤学的重要见解，讨论了结核病治疗发展的范式转变。我们总结了最近为表征和克服肿瘤和肉芽肿之间的关键共同特征所做的努力，包括过度纤维化、异常血管生成、缺氧和坏死以及免疫抑制。我们提供了癌症治疗应用于结核病以克服这些微环境异常的具体例子，包括基质靶向治疗、抗血管生成药物和免疫刺激药物。最后，我们提出了一个新框架，将 HDT 与抗结核药物相结合，以最大限度地提高治疗效果和疗效，同时减少治疗剂量、持续时间和有害副作用，使结核病患者受益。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Exploring and exploiting the microenvironmental similarities between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) granulomas and malignant tumors has revealed new strategies for more efficacious host-directed therapies (HDTs). This opinion article discusses a paradigm shift in TB therapeutic development, drawing on critical insights from oncology. We summarize recent efforts to characterize and overcome key shared features between tumors and granulomas, including excessive fibrosis, abnormal angiogenesis, hypoxia and necrosis, and immunosuppression. We provide specific examples of cancer therapy application to TB to overcome these microenvironmental abnormalities, including matrix-targeting therapies, antiangiogenic agents, and immune-stimulatory drugs. Finally, we propose a new framework for combining HDTs with anti-TB agents to maximize therapeutic delivery and efficacy while reducing treatment dosages, duration, and harmful side effects to benefit TB patients.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.