警告身体特定部位可能受到伤害的一种重要感觉是疼痛。全球范围内疼痛相关疾病的流行是一个重要且日益严重的公共卫生问题。据估计，慢性疼痛影响着全世界 15 亿人，其患病率因地区和人口因素而异。与糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症一样，疼痛是最常见的医学疾病之一。阿片类镇痛药是当前疼痛治疗的主要药物，但效果不佳。阿片类药物成瘾及其潜在的致命副作用需要新的治疗策略。纳米技术通过实现靶向药物输送，在疼痛管理方面提供了潜在的优势，可以提高镇痛药物的疗效并减少副作用。此外，纳米颗粒可以设计成以受控方式释放药物，从而改善疼痛缓解持续时间和一致性。这种方法还可以跨越生物屏障提供治疗，有可能增强慢性疼痛的治疗效果。纳米医学能够实现敏感且集中的治疗，并且比现有的临床止痛药物副作用更少；作为这些问题的潜在解决方案值得探索。此外，使用纳米材料的药物输送系统也被用来治疗疼痛。无论是单一药物的分配还是多种疗法的组合，本综述旨在总结基于纳米材料的药物输送系统可用于成功治疗和减轻疼痛的方法。为了撰写本文，我们查阅了多个在线图书馆，包括 Pubmed、Science Direct、Pubmed Prime 和 Cochrane 图书馆，以收集最新的材料。本概述深入探讨了疼痛病理生理学的来龙去脉、疼痛治疗的现状、潜在的新疼痛治疗目标，以及已经启动和仍在进行中的利用纳米技术解决疼痛的各种举措。重点介绍了基于纳米材料的清除、针对疼痛病因的基因治疗以及用于减少副作用的基于纳米颗粒的药物输送的最新进展。我们在 FDA 批准的药物和临床进展的讨论中进一步讨论了镇痛药。版权所有 © Bentham Science Publishers；如有任何疑问，请发送电子邮件至 epub@benthamscience.net。

An important sensation that warns of potential harm to a specific area of the body is pain. The prevalence of pain-related conditions globally is a significant and growing public health issue. Chronic pain affects an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide, with prevalence rates varying by region and demographic factors. Along with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, pain is among the most frequent medical diseases. Opioid analgesics are the mainstay of current pain therapies, which are ineffective. Opioid addiction and its potentially fatal side effects necessitate novel treatment strategies. Nanotechnology offers potential advantages in pain management by enabling targeted drug delivery, which can enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of analgesic medications. Additionally, nanoparticles can be designed to release drugs in a controlled manner, improving pain relief duration and consistency. This approach also allows for the delivery of therapeutics across biological barriers, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes for chronic pain conditions. Nanomedicine enables sensitive and focused treatments with fewer side effects than existing clinical pain medicines; it is worth exploring as a potential solution to these problems. Furthermore, medication delivery systems that use nanomaterials are being used to treat pain. Whether it's the distribution of a single medication or a combination of therapies, this review seeks to summarise the ways in which drug delivery systems based on nanomaterials can be utilised to successfully treat and alleviate pain. For the purpose of writing this paper, we consulted several online libraries, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Pubmed Prime, and the Cochrane Library, to gather fresh and up-to-date material. This overview delves into the ins and outs of pain's pathophysiology, the present state of pain treatment, potential new pain treatment targets, and the various initiatives that have been launched and are still in the works to address pain with nanotechnology. Recent developments in nanomaterials-based scavenging, gene therapy for pain aetiology, and nanoparticle-based medicine delivery for side effect reduction are highlighted. Analgesics have been further covered in our discussion on FDA-approved pharmaceuticals and clinical advancements.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.