胆道癌（BTC）的发病率和死亡率不断上升。化疗的有限疗效促使人们探索免疫疗法等新疗法。这提供了适度的好处。此外，用于 BTC 免疫检查点治疗的可靠预测生物标志物的鉴定仍然难以捉摸，阻碍了个性化治疗策略。本综述概述了 BTC 免疫治疗反应的新兴生物标志物的现状。我们讨论了联合疗法的增量益处以及免疫疗法在管理晚期 BTC 中不断变化的作用。此外，我们强调需要强大的预测生物标志物来优化治疗结果并促进更加个性化的患者护理方法。我们的目标是确定有前途的研究途径和策略，以提高 BTC 的治疗效果和患者生存率。

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have rising incidence and mortality rates. Chemotherapy's limited efficacy has led to exploring new treatments like immunotherapy. which offers modest benefits. Moreover, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint therapy in BTCs remains elusive, hindering personalized treatment strategies. This review provides an overview of the current landscape of emerging biomarkers for immunotherapy response in BTCs. We discuss the incremental benefits of combination therapy and the evolving role of immunotherapy in managing advanced BTC. Additionally, we highlight the need for robust predictive biomarkers to optimize treatment outcomes and foster a more individualized approach to patient care. We aim to identify promising research avenues and strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient survival in BTCs.