中性粒细胞被认为是炎症反应的活跃参与者，并且与癌症进展密切相关。为了响应炎症刺激，中性粒细胞被激活，释放中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）以捕获和根除病原体，这种现象称为 NETosis。随着对 NET 的深入了解，越来越多的证据支持它们在癌症进展中的作用以及它们参与赋予各种癌症治疗耐药性，特别是关于肿瘤对化疗、放疗 (RT) 和免疫治疗的反应。本综述总结了 NET 在肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中的作用及其中性粒细胞参与宿主防御的机制。此外，它阐明了 NET 促进肿瘤进展的机制及其在癌症治疗耐药性中的作用，强调了它们作为癌症治疗中有希望的治疗靶点的潜力及其临床适用性。© 作者 2024。

Neutrophils are recognized active participants in inflammatory responses and are intricately linked to cancer progression. In response to inflammatory stimuli, neutrophils become activated, releasing neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) for the capture and eradication of pathogens, a phenomenon termed NETosis. With a deeper understanding of NETs, there is growing evidence supporting their role in cancer progression and their involvement in conferring resistance to various cancer therapies, especially concerning tumor reactions to chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), and immunotherapy. This review summarizes the roles of NETs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in the host defense. Additionally, it elucidates the mechanisms through which NETs promote tumor progression and their role in cancer treatment resistance, highlighting their potential as promising therapeutic targets in cancer treatment and their clinical applicability.© The Author(s) 2024.