非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。早期诊断可以显着改善患者的预后。人们发现转移 RNA (tRNA) 衍生片段 (tRF) 在癌症的病理生理学中具有至关重要的功能。然而，tRF/tRNA 半体 (tiRNA) 在 NSCLC 中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在研究 NSCLC 中 tRFs/tiRNA 的独特表达谱，并寻找新的诊断生物标志物。RNA 测序用于确定 NSCLC 和健康对照血清中不同表达的 tRFs/tiRNA。使用茎环定量聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 来确认所选的 tRF/tiRNA 表达。利用生物信息学研究预测了它们在 NSCLC 中的可能作用。确定了 11 个上调的 tRF/tiRNA 和 18 个下调的 tRF/tiRNA。 NSCLC 血清样本中 tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0 和 tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD 的水平显着高于健康对照；受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线表明它们可以作为新的诊断生物标志物。基因本体论（GO）富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析提示tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0和tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD可能影响NSCLC的发展和表现。在NSCLC患者血清中，tRFs/tiRNAs异常调节，tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0 和 tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD 可能是 NSCLC 的潜在生物标志物。2024 转化癌症研究。版权所有。

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Early diagnosis can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tRFs) have been found to have a crucial function in the pathophysiology of cancers. However, the role of tRFs/tRNA halves (tiRNAs) in NSCLC is yet unknown. The present study aimed to investigate unique expression profiles of tRFs/tiRNAs in NSCLC and search novel biomarkers for the diagnosis.RNA-sequencing was utilized for determining differently expressed tRFs/tiRNAs in serum in NSCLC and healthy controls. Stem-loop quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the selected tRFs/tiRNAs expressions. Their possible roles in NSCLC were predicted using bioinformatic research.Eleven up-regulated tRFs/tiRNAs and 18 down-regulated tRFs/tiRNAs were determined. Levels of tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0 and tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD were significantly higher in NSCLC serum samples than those of healthy controls; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that they could serve as new diagnostic biomarkers. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis hinted that tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0 and tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD might influence the development and manifestation of NSCLC.In NSCLC patients' serum, the tRFs/tiRNAs were abnormally regulated and that tRF-31-87R8WP9N1EWJ0 and tRF-31-79MP9P9NH57SD might be the potential biological markers for NSCLC.2024 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.