肝窦是肝小叶内高度专业化的微循环导管，有助于肝功能。血窦可受到多种疾病的影响，包括血窦扩张、血窦阻塞综合征（SOS）、血窦细胞浸润、血窦周围浸润和内皮肿瘤，例如血管内皮瘤和血管肉瘤。虽然这些疾病，特别是 SOS 和肿瘤，可能危及生命，但其临床表现往往是非特异性的。患者可能会出现右上腹疼痛、黄疸、肝肿大、腹水、脾肿大和不明原因的体重增加，但具体表现取决于疾病的病因、严重程度和持续时间。最终，可能需要进行侵入性测试来确定诊断。全面了解各种血窦疾病的影像学表现有助于早期诊断，并可以帮助放射科医生发现亚临床疾病。此外，特定的成像特征可能有助于确定疾病的原因，从而实现更有针对性和更快的检查。例如，肝实质增强的马赛克图案提示肝窦扩张；肝胆 MR 图像上肝实质周围和斑片状网状低信号是 SOS 的特征；弥散加权图像上相关的弥漫性多重高信号可能是恶性窦状细胞浸润所特有的。作者概述了各种肝窦疾病的发病机制、临床特征和影像学表现，特别强调了 SOS。 ©RSNA，2024 本文提供了补充材料。

Hepatic sinusoids are highly specialized microcirculatory conduits within the hepatic lobules that facilitate liver functions. The sinusoids can be affected by various disorders, including sinusoidal dilatation, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), sinusoidal cellular infiltration, perisinusoidal infiltration, and endothelial neoplasms, such as hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma. While these disorders, particularly SOS and neoplasms, can be life threatening, their clinical manifestation is often nonspecific. Patients may present with right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, splenomegaly, and unexplained weight gain, although the exact manifestation depends on the cause, severity, and duration of the disease. Ultimately, invasive tests may be necessary to establish the diagnosis. A comprehensive understanding of imaging manifestations of various sinusoidal disorders contributes to early diagnosis and can help radiologists detect subclinical disease. Additionally, specific imaging features may assist in identifying the cause of the disorder, leading to a more focused and quicker workup. For example, a mosaic pattern of enhancement of the liver parenchyma is suggestive of sinusoidal dilatation; peripheral and patchy reticular hypointensity of the liver parenchyma on hepatobiliary MR images is characteristic of SOS; and associated diffuse multiple hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted images may be specific for malignant sinusoidal cellular infiltration. The authors provide an overview of the pathogenesis, clinical features, and imaging appearances of various hepatic sinusoidal disorders, with a special emphasis on SOS. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.