环境问题的普遍存在以及人类暴露于环境污染物的风险日益增加已成为全球关注的问题。日益严重的环境污染是近年来大多数神经相关疾病发病率上升的主要原因之一。然而，直接人类研究的伦理约束和动物模型的种族限制减缓了该领域的研究进展。本研究的目的是利用脑类器官作为新模型，综述不同环境污染物对大脑的神经毒性，并得出结论：脑类器官可能在评估环境污染物影响神经发生和引起神经发病的机制中发挥关键作用。为了准确确定环境污染物对神经系统的负面影响，与发育中的大脑高度相似的自组织大脑类器官已成为研究环境污染物对人类大脑发育和疾病影响的新模型系统。本研究以脑类器官为模型，总结了不同环境污染物对神经系统的神经毒性，包括脑类器官的结构变化、神经元分化和迁移的抑制、线粒体功能的损伤、细胞纤毛的损伤以及对信号通路的影响。总之，接触环境污染物可能对神经系统造成不同程度的神经毒性。因此，了解如何利用脑类器官改善环境污染引起的神经系统疾病至关重要。版权所有 © 2024 The Authors。由爱思唯尔公司出版。保留所有权利。

The prevalence of environmental problems and the increasing risk of human exposure to environmental pollutants have become a global concern. The increasing environmental pollution is one of the main reasons for the rising incidence of most neurological-related diseases in recent years. However, the ethical constraints of direct human research and the racial limitations of animal models have slowed the progress of research in this area. The purpose of this study is to review the neurotoxicity of different environmental pollutants on the brain using brain organoids as a new model and to conclude that brain organoids may play a key role in assessing the mechanisms by which environmental pollutants affect neurogenesis and cause neurological pathogenesis. To accurately determine the negative effects of environmental pollutants on the nervous system, self-organizing brain organoids that are highly similar to the developing brain have become a new model system for studying the effects of environmental pollutants on human brain development and disease. This study uses brain organoids as a model to summarize the neurotoxicity of different environmental pollutants on the nervous system, including structural changes in brain organoids, inhibition of neuronal differentiation and migration, impairment of mitochondrial function, damage to cellular cilia, and influence on signaling pathways. In conclusion, exposure to environmental pollutants may cause different neurotoxicity to the nervous system. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how to use brain organoids to ameliorate neurological disorders caused by environmental pollution.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.