中国宣威县和抚远县本地生产的烟煤的国内燃烧是造成世界上肺癌发病率最高的原因之一。最近的研究指出，煤燃烧产物中的甲基化多环芳烃 (mPAH)，特别是 5-甲基屈 (5MC)，是一个驱动因素。在这里，我们描述了宣威和抚远地区通过受控燃烧（即水沸腾测试，WBT，n = 27）得出的 mPAH 测量值（代表炉灶使用期间的暴露），以及代表 24 小时加权的暴露评估（EA）研究（n = 116）曝光。使用烟煤会导致已知和可能的人类致癌物浓度显着高于使用无烟煤，包括 5MC（EA 样品为 3.7 ng/m3 vs. 1.0 ng/m3，WBT 样品为 100.8 ng/m3 vs. 2.2 ng/m3） 、苯并[a]芘（EA 样品为 38.0 ng/m3 vs. 7.9 ng/m3，WBT 样品为 455.3 ng/m3 vs. 12.0 ng/m3）和 7,12-二甲基苯并[a]蒽（1.9 ng/ EA 样品为 0.2 ng/m3，WBT 样品为 47.7 ng/m3 与 0.6 ng/m3）。 EA 样品和 WBT 样品的混合效应模型显示，根据烟煤来源，mPAH 浓度存在明显变化，而炉灶通风始终被发现可降低测量浓度（使用烟煤时，EA 和 WBT 样品分别降低高达 9 倍和 65 倍） ）。燃料类型对 mPAHs 浓度的影响比炉灶类型更大。这些发现表明，烟煤使用者接触过许多多环芳烃，包括已知和可疑的人类致癌物（特别是在烹饪活动中），其中许多没有进行常规检测。总的来说，这提供了对该地区肺癌潜在病因的深入了解，并进一步强调了清洁燃料转型和炉灶改进作为减少家庭空气污染及其相关健康风险的最终目标的重要性。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

The domestic combustion of locally sourced smoky (bituminous) coal in Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties, China, is responsible for some of the highest lung cancer rates in the world. Recent research has pointed to methylated PAHs (mPAHs), particularly 5-methylchrysene (5MC), within coal combustion products as a driving factor. Here we describe measurements of mPAHs in Xuanwei and Fuyuan derived from controlled burnings (i.e., water boiling tests, WBT, n = 27) representing exposures during stove use, and an exposure assessment (EA) study (n=116) representing 24 h weighted exposures. Using smoky coal leads to significantly higher concentrations of known and likely human carcinogens than using smokeless coal, including 5MC (3.7 ng/m3 vs. 1.0 ng/m3 for EA samples and 100.8 ng/m3 vs. 2.2 ng/m3 for WBT samples), benzo[a]pyrene (38.0 ng/m3 vs. 7.9 ng/m3 for EA samples and 455.3 ng/m3 vs. 12.0 ng/m3 for WBT samples), and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1.9 ng/m3 vs. 0.2 ng/m3 for EA samples and 47.7 ng/m3 vs. 0.6 ng/m3 for WBT samples). Mixed effect models for both EA samples and WBT samples revealed clear variation in mPAHs concentrations depending on smoky coal source while stove ventilation was consistently found to reduce measured concentrations (by up to nine fold and 65 fold for EA and WBT samples respectively when using smoky coal). Fuel type had a larger influence on mPAHs concentrations than stove type. These findings indicate that users of smoky coal experience exposure to many PAHs, including known and suspected human carcinogens (especially during cooking activities), many of which are not routinely tested for. Collectively, this provides insights into the potential etiologies of lung cancer in the region and further highlights the importance of clean fuel transitions and stove refinements as the final goal for reducing household air pollution and its associated health risks.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.