温和光热疗法（MPTT）在近红外（NIR）照射下，在45℃以下的温度下产生热治疗效果，具有治疗效果可控、热疗温度较低、剂量减少、对周围组织损伤最小化等优点。尽管MPTT已经取得了重大进展，但它主要仍处于基础和临床研究阶段，尚未得到广泛的临床应用。本文对近年来近红外MPTT的发展进行了全面概述，旨在强调其机制和障碍，总结所使用的光热剂，并介绍各种生物医学应用，如抗肿瘤、伤口愈合和血管疾病治疗。提出了 MPTT 面临的挑战和潜在的解决方案，并展望了 MPTT 的未来发展方向，以增强临床转化的前景。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Mild photothermal therapy (MPTT) generates heat therapeutic effect at the temperature below 45 °C under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, which has the advantages of controllable treatment efficacy, lower hyperthermia temperatures, reduced dosage, and minimized damage to surrounding tissues. Despite significant progress has been achieved in MPTT, it remains primarily in the stage of basic and clinical research and has not yet seen widespread clinical adoption. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent NIR MPTT development was provided, aiming to emphasize the mechanism and obstacles, summarize the used photothermal agents, and introduce various biomedical applications such as anti-tumor, wound healing, and vascular disease treatment. The challenges of MPTT were proposed with potential solutions, and the future development direction in MPTT was outlooked to enhance the prospects for clinical translation.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.