食用水果与降低心血管疾病（CVD）风险有关，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。我们调查了水果摄入量与肥胖、血压、血脂、低度炎症、血糖和氧化应激标志物的横向和前瞻性关联。主要分析包括来自英国生物银行的 365 534 名中年成年人的基线数据，其中 11 510 名和 38 988 名患者分别参加了第一次和第二次随访，基线时没有 CVD 和癌症。使用问卷评估基线时的水果消费频率。我们评估了水果与肥胖（体重指数、腰围和体脂百分比）、收缩压和舒张压、血脂（低密度和高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和载脂蛋白 B）、血糖的横向和前瞻性关联（血红蛋白 A1c）、低度炎症（C 反应蛋白）和氧化应激（γ-谷氨酰转移酶），使用根据社会经济和生活方式因素进行调整的线性回归模型。在一个子集中重复分析，进行两到五次完整的 24 小时饮食评估 (n = 26 596)，以便调整总能量摄入量。基线时的水果摄入量通常与基线时的肥胖和生物标志物呈弱负相关。除了与舒张压、C 反应蛋白、γ-谷氨酰转移酶和肥胖呈负相关外，大多数这些关系在随访中并未持续存在。然而，对于大多数机制而言，在进一步调整的模型中，高水果摄入量和低水果摄入量（> 3 份与 < 1 份/天）之间的平均水平变化小于 0.1 标准差 (SD)（而所有这些模型的差异均为 < 0.2 SD） ）。例如，第一次随访时，与低水果摄入量相比，高水果摄入量时的腰围和舒张压分别降低了 1 厘米和 1 毫米汞柱（95% 置信区间：分别为 -1.8、-0.1 和 -1.8、-0.3）。 24 小时饮食评估子集的分析显示出总体相似的关联。我们观察到，水果摄入量高的人和水果摄入量低的人在肥胖和心脏代谢生物标志物方面存在非常小的差异，其中大多数在随访期间并没有持续存在。未来对其他机制的研究和对混杂因素的详细评估可能会进一步阐明水果与心血管疾病的相关性。© 2024。作者。

Fruit consumption has been associated with a lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit consumption with markers of adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, low-grade inflammation, glycaemia, and oxidative stress.The main analyses included 365 534 middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank at baseline, of whom 11 510, and 38 988 were included in the first and second follow-up respectively, free from CVD and cancer at baseline. Fruit consumption frequency at baseline was assessed using a questionnaire. We assessed the cross-sectional and prospective associations of fruit with adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference and %body fat), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids (low-density and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B), glycaemia (haemoglobin A1c), low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl-transferase) using linear regression models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated in a subset with two to five complete 24-h dietary assessments (n = 26 596) allowing for adjustment for total energy intake.Fruit consumption at baseline generally showed weak inverse associations with adiposity and biomarkers at baseline. Most of these relationships did not persist through follow-up, except for inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase and adiposity. However, for most mechanisms, mean levels varied by less than 0.1 standard deviations (SD) between high and low fruit consumption (> 3 vs < 1 servings/day) in further adjusted models (while the difference was < 0.2 SD for all of them). For example, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure were 1 cm and 1 mmHg lower in high compared to low fruit intake at the first follow-up (95% confidence interval: -1.8, -0.1 and -1.8, -0.3, respectively). Analyses in the 24-h dietary assessment subset showed overall similar associations.We observed very small differences in adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers between those who reported high fruit consumption vs low, most of which did not persist over follow-up. Future studies on other mechanisms and detailed assessment of confounding might further elucidate the relevance of fruit to cardiovascular disease.© 2024. The Author(s).