小儿脑肿瘤是儿童中最常见的实体瘤。即使迄今为止，随着多模式治疗管理的进步，某些类型的肿瘤的生存结果仍然令人沮丧，例如儿科型弥漫性高级别胶质瘤或中枢神经系统（CNS）胚胎肿瘤。未能理解复杂的分子异质性以及难以捉摸的肿瘤和微环境的相互作用继续损害治疗效果。制定一种提高这些致命肿瘤生存率的策略在儿科神经肿瘤学中仍未得到满足。溶瘤病毒（OV）正在成为一种可行、安全且有前途的脑肿瘤治疗方法。病毒疗法的新范例意味着，在某些情况下，直接细胞病变效应之后是抗肿瘤免疫反应，导致肿瘤块部分或完全缩小。单独使用 OV 或与其他治疗方式联合使用主要用于成人神经肿瘤学。最近，儿童脑肿瘤模型中令人鼓舞的临床前研究激增，导致 OV 的临床转化，在这些肿瘤中取得了令人鼓舞的结果。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在儿科脑肿瘤的临床前和临床研究中测试的不同病毒疗法，并讨论了改善这些肿瘤对此类疗法的反应所需的局限性和未来途径。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表神经肿瘤学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Even to date, with the advances in multimodality therapeutic management, survival outcomes remain dismal in some types of tumors, such as pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas or central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors. Failure to understand the complex molecular heterogeneity and the elusive tumor and microenvironment interplay continues to undermine therapeutic efficacy. Developing a strategy that would improve survival for these fatal tumors remains unmet in pediatric neuro-oncology. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as a feasible, safe, and promising therapy for brain tumors. The new paradigm in virotherapy implies that the direct cytopathic effect is followed, under certain circumstances, by an antitumor immune response responsible for the partial or complete debulking of the tumor mass. OVs alone or combined with other therapeutic modalities have been primarily used in adult neuro-oncology. A surge in encouraging preclinical studies in pediatric brain tumor models recently led to the clinical translation of OVs with encouraging results in these tumors. In this review, we summarize the different virotherapy tested in preclinical and clinical studies in pediatric brain tumors, and we discuss the limitations and future avenues necessary to improve the response of these tumors to this type of therapy.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.