氨基酸对健康至关重要，它既是蛋白质的组成部分，又参与信号传导和新陈代谢。氨基酸作为营养素、补充剂和保健品被消耗。关于氨基酸的功能还有很多有待了解。基于生理学的药代动力学和药效学 (PBPK-PD) 模型是研究其复杂生物学的新兴工具。本综述重点介绍了最近为研究氨基酸生理学和代谢而开发的 PBPK-PD 模型，并讨论了它们解决该领域未解决问题的潜力。PBPK-PD 模型提供了一些见解。他们揭示了亮氨酸控制健康成年人骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的机制之间的相互作用。该模型还确定了补充氨基酸的最佳剂量方案，以治疗镰状细胞病和复发性低血糖，并最大限度地减少癫痫症的药物副作用。此外，他们还描述了试图剥夺癌细胞氨基酸的新型抗癌药物的作用。未来的模型可能会为肌肉减少症的治疗策略提供信息，描述动物和植物营养之间的区别，并为帕金森病中的营养-药物相互作用提供信息。PBPK-PD 模型是研究氨基酸生理学和代谢的强大工具，可应用于营养、药理学及其相互作用。版权所有 © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。

Amino acids are critical to health, serving both as constituents of proteins and in signaling and metabolism. Amino acids are consumed as nutrients, supplements, and nutraceuticals. Much remains to be learned about amino acid function. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) modeling is an emerging tool for studying their complex biology. This review highlights recent PBPK-PD models developed to study amino acid physiology and metabolism and discusses their potential for addressing unresolved questions in the field.PBPK-PD models provided several insights. They revealed the interplay between the mechanisms by which leucine governs skeletal muscle protein metabolism in healthy adults. The models also identified optimal dosing regimens of amino acid supplementation to treat sickle-cell disease and recurrent hypoglycemia, and to minimize drug side effects in seizure disorders. Additionally, they characterized the effects of novel anticancer drugs that seek to deprive cancer cells of amino acids. Future models may inform treatment strategies for sarcopenia, characterize distinctions between animal- and plant-based nutrition, and inform nutrient-drug interactions in Parkinson's disease.PBPK-PD models are powerful tools for studying amino acid physiology and metabolism, with applications to nutrition, pharmacology, and their interplay.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.