介绍。克雷伯菌属是定植于人类肠道的重要细菌，尤其是早产儿；它们在特定情况下可诱发局部和全身疾病，包括炎症性肠病、坏死性小肠结肠炎和结直肠癌。假设。克雷伯菌属定植于新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)的新生儿肠道内的定植可能与疾病和抗生素耐药性有关，这会对儿童造成危害。我们的目的是了解克雷伯菌属的患病率、抗菌素耐药性和基因组特征。新生儿携带者。方法论。本研究主要进行基因组测序与分析以及药敏试验。结果。克雷伯菌属的分离率。 2014 年，该菌株的比例为 3.7% (16/436)，2021 年为 4.3% (18/420)。主要是低出生体重儿或患有肺炎或高胆红素血症的婴儿。根据核心泛基因组分析，34 个染色显示了新出现的高风险克隆 (ST11) 的基因多态性和序列类型 (ST)。发现 8 个菌株 (23.5%) 对 2 种或更多抗生素具有耐药性，并鉴定出 46 个基因/基因家族以及 9 个质粒对抗生素具有耐药性。特别是，这两种菌株具有多重耐药性。与准肺炎克雷伯菌亚种相关的菌株 A1256。 similipneumoniae 并不常见，携带两个类似于 IncFII 和 IncX3 的质粒，其中包含 5 个抗生素抗性基因。结论。新生儿克雷伯氏菌的预防和控制。应通过更加关注预防新生儿抗菌药物耐药性来加强新生儿重症监护室的定植。

Introduction. Klebsiella spp. are important bacteria that colonize the human intestine, especially in preterm infants; they can induce local and systemic disease under specific circumstances, including inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis and colorectal cancer.Hypothesis. Klebsiella spp. colonized in the intestine of the neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be associated with disease and antibiotic resistance, which will be hazardous to the children.Aim. Our aim was to know about the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genome characteristics of Klebsiella spp. in neonate carriers.Methodology. Genome sequencing and analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were mainly performed in this study.Results. The isolation rates of Klebsiella spp. strains were 3.7% (16/436) in 2014 and 4.3% (18/420) in 2021. Cases with intestinal-colonized Klebsiella spp. were mainly infants with low birth weights or those with pneumonia or hyperbilirubinemia. According to the core-pan genomic analysis, 34 stains showed gene polymorphism and a sequence type (ST) of an emerging high-risk clone (ST11). Eight strains (23.5%) were found to be resistant to 2 or more antibiotics, and 46 genes/gene families along with nine plasmids were identified that conferred resistance to antibiotics. In particular, the two strains were multidrug-resistant. Strain A1256 that is related to Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae was uncommon, carrying two plasmids similar to IncFII and IncX3 that included five antibiotic resistance genes.Conclusion. The prevention and control of neonatal Klebsiella spp. colonization in the NICU should be strengthened by paying increased attention to preventing antimicrobial resistance in neonates.