抗体-药物偶联物 (ADC) 是治疗药物和通过接头偶联的抗体的融合物，旨在将治疗有效负载传递到表达靶抗原的细胞。通过将高细胞毒性药物直接递送至癌细胞，ADC 旨在提高安全性并拓宽治疗窗口。最近，ADC 在各种实体瘤中表现出良好的疗效，并正在迅速扩大其适应症。晚期头颈鳞状细胞癌 (HNSCC) 患者的预后仍然很差，自 2016 年抗 PD-1 抗体出现以来没有新的治疗方法，这凸显了对创新疗法的迫切需求。最近的初步结果表明，ADC 可能成为 HNSCC 有前景的治疗选择，因为它们探索了各种靶抗原、有效负载和连接体。然而，为了成功地将 ADC 应用于 HNSCC 的治疗，解决有效负载毒性、抗原异质性和适应性耐药等关键挑战至关重要。目前的研究重点是新的 ADC 结构，包括多特异性抗体和非细胞毒性有效负载，以及多种组合方法，显示出未来进步的希望。

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are fusions of therapeutic drugs and antibodies conjugated by a linker, designed to deliver a therapeutic payload to cells expressing the target antigen. By delivering the highly cytotoxic agent directly to cancer cells, ADCs are designed to enhance safety and broaden the therapeutic window. Recently, ADCs have demonstrated promising efficacy in various solid tumors and are rapidly expanding their indications. The prognosis of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor, with no new therapeutics since the advent of anti-PD-1 antibodies in 2016, highlighting a critical need for innovative therapies. Recent preliminary results suggest that ADCs could be promising treatment options for HNSCC as they explore a variety of target antigens, payloads, and linkers. However, for successful adaptation of ADCs in the treatment of HNSCC, addressing key challenges such as payload toxicities, antigen heterogeneity, and adaptive resistance will be essential. Current research focused on new ADC structures, including multispecific antibodies and noncytotoxic payloads, and diverse combination approaches, show promise for future advancements.