习惯性白天小睡是特定国家的常见行为和生活方式，通常被认为是正常日常生活的一部分。然而，最近的证据表明，习惯性白天小睡对健康的影响存在争议。我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库，从成立到 2024 年 3 月 9 日，以综合小睡和健康结果风险的队列研究。共纳入 44 项队列研究，涉及 1,864,274 名年龄 20-86 岁（平均年龄 56.4 岁）的受试者。总体而言，习惯性小睡会增加多种不良健康后果的风险，包括全因死亡率、心血管疾病、代谢疾病和癌症，并降低认知障碍和肌肉减少症的风险。午睡时间为 30 分钟或更长的个体出现全因死亡、心血管疾病和代谢疾病的风险较高，而午睡时间少于 30 分钟的个体则没有显着风险。在午睡频率、午睡者百分比、样本量、性别、年龄、体重指数、随访年数或合并症状态方面，没有观察到午睡和健康风险存在显着差异。这些研究结果表明，午睡时间较长的人应考虑将每天的午睡时间缩短至 30 分钟或更少。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

Habitual daytime napping is a common behavioral and lifestyle practice in particular countries and is often considered part of a normal daily routine. However, recent evidence suggests that the health effects of habitual daytime napping are controversial. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 9, 2024, to synthesize cohort studies of napping and health outcome risk. A total of 44 cohort studies with 1,864,274 subjects aged 20-86 years (mean age 56.4 years) were included. Overall, habitual napping increased the risk of several adverse health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and cancer, and decreased the risk of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia. Individuals with a napping duration of 30 min or longer exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disease, whereas those with napping durations less than 30 min had no significant risks. No significant differences in napping and health risks were observed for napping frequency, percentage of nappers, sample size, sex, age, body mass index, follow-up years, or comorbidity status. These findings indicate that individuals with a long napping duration should consider shortening their daily nap duration to 30 min or less.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.