鼻咽癌（NPC）是一种常见的头颈癌，预后较差。鼻咽癌的关键挑战之一是其发病机制。最近的研究结果强调了宿主微生物群在鼻咽癌发展中的重要性，局部受鼻咽微生物群影响或远程受口腔微生物群影响。口腔微生物群可以迁移到鼻咽腔，从而影响鼻咽微生物群的组成。特定细菌菌株与鼻咽癌的发生有关，包括奈瑟菌属、葡萄球菌属、细毛菌属、葡萄球菌科、颗粒菌属、棒状杆菌属、梭杆菌属和普雷沃菌属。人们提出了几种机制来阐明微生物群失调如何促进鼻咽癌的发展，包括引发肿瘤促进炎症、重新激活EB病毒（EBV）、诱导氧化应激、削弱免疫系统和加剧肿瘤缺氧。此外，鼻咽部微生物群的组成和肿瘤浸润微生物群的数量可以影响鼻咽癌患者的预后和治疗反应。据我们所知，这是第一篇讨论宿主微生物群对鼻咽癌发病机制、进展和治疗反应影响的综述。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck cancer with a poor prognosis. One of the crucial challenges regarding NPC is its pathogenesis. Recent findings highlight the significance of host microbiota in the development of NPC, affected locally by nasopharyngeal microbiota or remotely by oral microbiota. The oral microbiota can migrate to the nasopharyngeal space, thereby impacting the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota. Specific bacterial strains have been linked to the development of nasopharyngeal cancer, including Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Leptotrichia, Staphylococcaceae, Granulicatella, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella. Several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate how microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of NPC, including triggering tumor-promoting inflammation, reactivating the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), inducing oxidative stress, weakening the immune system, and worsening tumor hypoxia. In addition, the composition of nasopharyngeal microbiota and the number of tumor-infiltrating microbiota can influence the prognosis and treatment response in patients with NPC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review discussing the impacts of the host microbiota on nasopharyngeal cancer pathogenesis, progression, and treatment response.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.