神经内分泌肿瘤（NEN）由多种器官中的神经内分泌细胞产生。受影响最严重的疾病部位之一是胃肠系统，它起源于胃肠胰 NEN（GEP-NEN），这是一组发病率迅速增加的异质性恶性肿瘤。这些肿瘤可以是有功能的，具有分泌活性，导致可识别的临床综合征，也可以是无功能的，没有分泌活性，但具有肿瘤生长和转移的局部症状。生物标志物的局限性是非分泌性 NEN 管理中一个未满足的关键需求，因为肿瘤分类、预后评估、治疗反应评估和监测方面的障碍使临床决策变得更加困难。本次综述的目的是介绍 NEN 的现有和新型生物标志物，这些标志物可以作为预后因素并纵向监测疾病进展或消退，特别强调新型多分析物生物标志物的创新研究。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) arise from neuroendocrine cells in a wide variety of organs. One of the most affected disease sites is the gastrointestinal system, which originates the gastro-entero-pancreatic NENs (GEP-NENs), a heterogenous group of malignancies that are rapidly increasing in incidence. These tumors can be functioning, with secretory activity leading to identifiable clinical syndromes, or non-functioning, with no secretory activity but with local symptoms of tumor growth and metastasis. A limitation in biomarkers is a crucial unmet need in non-secretory NEN management, as clinical decision-making is made more difficult by obstacles in tumor classification, prognostic evaluation, assessment of treatment response and surveillance. The objective of this review is to present existing and novel biomarkers for NENs that can function as prognostic factors and monitor disease progression or regression longitudinally, with a special emphasis on innovative research into novel multianalyte biomarkers.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.