背景：乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是全世界最广泛传播的病毒之一，也是肝炎、肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因。先前的研究揭示了乙型肝炎病毒感染对生育力的影响。越来越多患有慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）病毒感染的不孕夫妇选择辅助生殖技术（ART）来满足其生育需求。尽管乙型肝炎病毒的患病率很高，但乙型肝炎病毒感染对辅助生殖治疗的影响仍然有限且相互矛盾。目的：本研究的目的是全面概述乙型肝炎病毒感染对生育的影响，并讨论其对妊娠结局、垂直传播、妊娠并发症和 ART 治疗期间病毒活性的影响。方法：我们在 PubMed 上检索了 1996 年至 2022 年发表的有关 HBV 感染和 ART 的研究文献。结果：HBV 感染对男性和女性的生育能力都有负面影响。现有研究表明，乙型肝炎病毒感染可能会增加接受辅助生殖治疗的夫妇发生妊娠并发症的风险。 HBV感染对ART妊娠结局的影响仍存在争议。目前的证据并不支持ART会增加乙型肝炎病毒垂直传播的风险，而相关研究也很有限。随着ART的发展，乙型肝炎病毒再激活（HBVr）的风险不断增加，特别是由于免疫抑制治疗的广泛应用。结论：定期进行 HBV 感染筛查以及 HBVr 风险分层和管理对于 ART 期间预防 HBVr 至关重要。 ART期间预防性抗HBV治疗的最佳策略和时机的确定仍需进一步研究。

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread viruses worldwide and a major cause of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous studies have revealed the impacts of HBV infection on fertility. An increasing number of infertile couples with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection choose assisted reproductive technology (ART) to meet their fertility needs. Despite the high prevalence of HBV, the effects of HBV infection on assisted reproduction treatment remain limited and contradictory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of HBV infection on fertility and discuss its effects on pregnancy outcomes, vertical transmission, pregnancy complications, and viral activity during ART treatment. METHODS: We conducted a literature search in PubMed for studies on HBV infection and ART published from 1996 to 2022. RESULTS: HBV infection negatively affected fertility in both males and females. Existing research shows that HBV infection may increase the risk of pregnancy complications in couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. The impact of HBV infection on the pregnancy outcomes of ART is still controversial. Current evidence does not support that ART increases the risk of vertical transmission of HBV, while relevant studies are limited. With the development of ART, the risk of HBV reactivation (HBVr) is increasing, especially due to the wide application of immunosuppressive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Regular HBV infection screening and HBVr risk stratification and management are essential to prevent HBVr during ART. The determination of optimal strategy and timing of prophylactic anti-HBV therapy during ART still needs further investigation.