肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌。尽管肝癌可以从头出现，但绝大多数病例是在慢性肝病的情况下发生的。肝癌的发生遵循一个经过充分研究的过程，在此过程中，慢性炎症和细胞损伤会导致细胞和遗传畸变，并随后导致癌前病变和癌性病变的扩散。对 HCC 高风险个体的监测、早期诊断和个体化治疗是降低与该疾病相关的死亡率的关键。放射成像在这些患者的诊断和治疗中起着至关重要的作用。 HCC 是一种独特的癌症，因为它可以通过符合所有放射学标准的成像来可靠地诊断，从而消除了与组织取样相关的风险。本文讨论了用于评估 HCC 的传统和新兴成像技术。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC（Springer Nature 旗下公司）的独家许可。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary carcinoma arising from the liver. Although HCC can arise de novo, the vast majority of cases develop in the setting of chronic liver disease. Hepatocarcinogenesis follows a well-studied process during which chronic inflammation and cellular damage precipitate cellular and genetic aberrations, with subsequent propagation of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Surveillance of individuals at high risk of HCC, early diagnosis, and individualized treatment are keys to reducing the mortality associated with this disease. Radiological imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of these patients. HCC is a unique cancer in that it can be diagnosed with confidence by imaging that meets all radiologic criteria, obviating the risks associated with tissue sampling. This article discusses conventional and emerging imaging techniques for the evaluation of HCC.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.